Speculations on the origins of Plasmodium vivax malaria
Speculations on the origins of Plasmodium vivax malaria
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DOI：
10.1016/s1471-4922(03)00070-9
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发表时间：
2003-05-01
影响因子：
9.6
通讯作者：
Carter, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carter, R
间日疟原虫很可能是在大约200万年前从一组疟疾寄生虫中分化出来的，而这组疟疾寄生虫现在在南亚的猴子和猿中流行。在那个时代，灵长类动物遍布欧亚大陆和非洲的大部分地区，这表明间日疟原虫的分化地点位于旧大陆，但没有比这更精确的了。从大约100万年前开始，冰河时代将把包括间日疟在内的人类疟疾隔离到地中海周围、撒哈拉以南非洲、南亚和东亚的潮湿温带或温暖气候的避难所。由于10万至6万年前南亚和东亚似乎没有人类的记录，他们可能没有将寄生虫（包括间日疟原虫）传给此后进入该地区的现代人。今天，所有间日疟原虫都可能是10万至2万年前最后一个冰河时期感染地中海地区和撒哈拉以南非洲人口的寄生虫的后代。后者的证据是在撒哈拉以南非洲存在非常高频率的红细胞达菲阴性。
It is likely that Plasmodium vivax diverged similar to2 million years ago from a group of malaria parasites which are now endemic in monkeys and apes in southern Asia. In those times, primates were spread throughout most of Eurasia and Africa, indicating an Old World location, but nothing more precise, for the place of divergence of P. vivax. From similar to1 million years ago, the Ice Ages would have isolated human malaria, including A vivax, into humid temperate or warm climate refuges around the Mediterranean, in sub-Saharan Africa and in south and east Asia. As there appears to be no record of humans in south and east Asia from 100 000 to 60 000 years ago, they might not have passed on their parasites, including A vivax, to modern humans entering the region after this time. Today, all P. vivax might be descended from parasites which infected human populations in the Mediterranean region and in sub-Saharan Africa during the last Ice Age, between 100 000 and 20 000 years ago. Evidence for the latter is provided by the presence of very high frequency RBC Duffy negativity in sub-Saharan Africa.