Filipino and Korean Immigrants in Small Business: A Comparative Analysis
Filipino and Korean Immigrants in Small Business: A Comparative Analysis
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小型企业中的菲律宾和韩国移民：比较分析
DOI：
10.17953/amer.13.1.r4846401k42032qr
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
0.4
通讯作者：
P. Min
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Min
1965年的《移民法》加速了来自亚洲国家的移民，特别是来自菲律宾和韩国的移民。1970年至1982年间，近50万菲律宾人和大约40万韩国人作为合法移民进入这个国家。近年来，菲律宾人是仅次于墨西哥移民的第二大移民群体。就人数而言，韩国人总体排名第三。因此，新移民构成了这两个群体的绝大多数。1980年的人口普查表明，大约65%的菲律宾裔美国人和82%的韩裔美国人是在外国出生的。*菲律宾移民和韩国移民在移民前的背景和移民动机方面非常相似。两者都是从各自社会的受过教育的城市中产阶级阶层招募的。大多数人从事白领和专业职业。与东南亚难民不同，绝大多数菲律宾人和韩国人是在自愿的基础上移民，以增加他们的生活机会。然而，尽管有这些相似之处，这两个移民群体在美国的职业适应方面显示出一个显著的差异。虽然韩国人赢得了与犹太人相当的贸易少数的名声，但菲律宾人在小企业中的代表性严重不足。例如，1980年的人口普查表明，1970年至1980年间移民的韩国人中有12.2%是个体户，相比之下，菲律宾工人的个体户比例为1.6%。
The 1965 Immigration Act has accelerated immigration from Asian countries, especially from the Philippines and Korea. Nearly a half million Filipinos and about four hundred thousand Koreans were admitted to this country as legal immigrants between 1970 and 1982.' In recent years Filipinos comprised the second largest immigrant group after Mexican immigrants. Koreans ranked third overall in terms of numbers. As a result, recent immigrants constitute the vast majority for both groups. The 1980 Census indicates that about 65 percent of Filipino Americans and 82 percent of Korean Americans are foreign born.* Filipino and Korean immigrants are very similar in their pre-immigrant background and motives for imrnigrati~n.~ Both were recruited from the educated, urban, middle-class stratum of their societies. Most were engaged in white-collar and professional occupations. The vast majority of Filipinos and Koreans, unlike Southeast Asian refugees, immigrated on a voluntary basis to promote their life chances. In spite of these similarities, however, these two immigrant groups show one significant difference in their occupational adjustment in the United States. While Koreans have earned their reputation as a trading minority comparable to the Jews, Filipinos are greatly underrepresented in small business. The 1980 Census, for example, indicates that 12.2 percent of those Koreans who immigrated between 1970 and 1980 are self-employed in comparison to 1.6 percent of Filipino worker^.^ The proportion of self