Reports on Progress in Physics The hydrodynamics of swimming microorganisms
Reports on Progress in Physics The hydrodynamics of swimming microorganisms
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
E. Lauga;T. Powers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Lauga;T. Powers
黏性流体中的细胞运动是普遍存在的，并影响许多生物过程，包括繁殖、感染和海洋生物生态系统。在这里，我们回顾了与细胞游泳相关的小尺度运动的生物物理和机械原理，几十微米及以下。在这个尺度下，惯性不重要，雷诺数很小。我们的重点是简单的物理图像和基本的流动物理现象。我们首先简要概述了游泳运动的机制，以及低雷诺数下流动的基本性质，特别关注与游泳最相关的方面，如固体的阻力矩阵，流动奇点和净平移的运动学要求。然后回顾了关于细胞运动的经典理论工作，特别是在规定行程下游泳运动学的早期计算以及阻力理论和细长体理论在鞭毛运动中的应用。在研究了鞭毛被驱动的物理手段之后，我们概述了活跃的研究领域，包括流体动力学相互作用，复杂流体中的生物运动，小型人工游泳者的设计和运动策略的优化。（本文中部分数字仅为电子版彩色）本文由Christoph Schmidt邀请。
Cell motility in viscous fluids is ubiquitous and affects many biological processes, including reproduction, infection and the marine life ecosystem. Here we review the biophysical and mechanical principles of locomotion at the small scales relevant to cell swimming, tens of micrometers and below. At this scale, inertia is unimportant and the Reynolds number is small. Our emphasis is on the simple physical picture and fundamental flow physics phenomena in this regime. We first give a brief overview of the mechanisms for swimming motility, and of the basic properties of flows at low Reynolds number, paying special attention to aspects most relevant for swimming such as resistance matrices for solid bodies, flow singularities and kinematic requirements for net translation. Then we review classical theoretical work on cell motility, in particular early calculations of swimming kinematics with prescribed stroke and the application of resistive force theory and slender-body theory to flagellar locomotion. After examining the physical means by which flagella are actuated, we outline areas of active research, including hydrodynamic interactions, biological locomotion in complex fluids, the design of small-scale artificial swimmers and the optimization of locomotion strategies. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version) This article was invited by Christoph Schmidt.