A qualitative study on pharmacy policies toward over-the-counter syringe sales in a rural epicenter of US drug-related epidemics.
A qualitative study on pharmacy policies toward over-the-counter syringe sales in a rural epicenter of US drug-related epidemics.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12954-021-00569-2
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发表时间：
2022-01-08
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Young AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fadanelli M;Cooper HLF;Freeman PR;Ballard AM;Ibragimov U;Young AM
扩大农村地区获得无菌注射器的机会至关重要，因为与注射有关的流行病在全球范围内蔓延到大都市地区以外。虽然药店有可能成为无菌注射器的一个容易获得的来源，但在城市进行的研究已经确定了阻止向注射毒品者（PWID）出售非处方药（OTC）的道德、法律的和伦理障碍。目前的研究建立在先前的城市研究的基础上，阐明了（1）药房OTC政策和（2）药剂师在受药物相关流行病严重打击的美国农村地区销售OTC注射器的理由、障碍和促进因素。我们进行了14个半结构化的采访，从两个东部肯塔基州卫生区招募药剂师。访谈领域包括经验和态度，销售非处方药注射器PWID。建构主义扎根理论的方法被用来分析逐字记录。大多数药剂师经营“限制性OTC”药房（n = 8），要求患者有处方或医疗需要证明才能购买注射器。其余（n = 6）经营“开放式OTC”药房，允许向大多数患者销售OTC注射器。这两个群体都认为他们的药房政策保护他们的社区和药房免受进一步的药物相关伤害，但由于对PWID的耻辱感，对肯塔基州法律的看法，以及对OTC注射器销售的信念，出现了不同的政策，而不是保护社区。我们的研究结果表明，限制性的OTC药房政策植根于对PWID的污名化观点。关于物质使用障碍（SUD），人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）和丙型肝炎（HCV）的反污名教育可能需要真正改变限制性药物政策。
Expanding access to sterile syringes in rural areas is vital, as injection-related epidemics expand beyond metropolitan areas globally. While pharmacies have potential to be an easily accessible source of sterile syringes, research in cities has identified moral, legal and ethical barriers that preclude over-the-counter (OTC) sales to people who inject drugs (PWID). The current study builds on prior urban-based research by elucidating (1) pharmacy OTC policies and (2) pharmacists’ rationale for, and barriers and facilitators to, OTC syringe sales in a US rural area hard hit by drug-related epidemics. We conducted 14 semi-structured interviews with pharmacists recruited from two Eastern Kentucky health districts. Interview domains included experiences with, and attitudes toward, selling OTC syringes to PWID. Constructivist grounded theory methods were used to analyze verbatim transcripts. Most pharmacists operated “restrictive OTC” pharmacies (n = 8), where patients were required to have a prescription or proof of medical need to purchase a syringe. The remainder (n = 6) operated “open OTC” pharmacies, which allowed OTC syringe sales to most patients. Both groups believed their pharmacy policies protected their community and pharmacy from further drug-related harm, but diverging policies emerged because of stigma toward PWID, perceptions of Kentucky law, and belief OTC syringe sales were harmful rather than protective to the community. Our results suggest that restrictive OTC pharmacy policies are rooted in stigmatizing views of PWID. Anti-stigma education about substance use disorder (SUD), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Hepatitis C (HCV) is likely needed to truly shift restrictive pharmacy policy.
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影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Cooper, Hannah L. F.;Linton, Sabriya;Paz-Bailey, Gabriela
通讯作者：
Paz-Bailey, Gabriela
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Chiarello, Elizabeth
通讯作者：
Chiarello, Elizabeth
DOI：
10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102701
发表时间：
2020-11
期刊：
The International journal on drug policy
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cooper HL;Cloud DH;Freeman PR;Fadanelli M;Green T;Van Meter C;Beane S;Ibragimov U;Young AM
通讯作者：
Young AM
影响因子：
33.9
作者：
Des Jarlais, Don C.;Nugent, Ann;Holtzman, Deborah
通讯作者：
Holtzman, Deborah
影响因子：
2
作者：
Charmaz, Kathy
通讯作者：
Charmaz, Kathy