ECOLOGICAL MONITORING - A VITAL NEED FOR INTEGRATED CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS IN THE TROPICS
ECOLOGICAL MONITORING - A VITAL NEED FOR INTEGRATED CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS IN THE TROPICS
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08020388.x
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发表时间：
1994-06-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
MURPHY, DD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
KREMEN, C;MERENLENDER, AM;MURPHY, DD
将自然保护与农村经济发展结合起来，是防止地球生物多样性丧失和解决“人与公园”困境的最新建议。“国际发展机构现在认识到必须保护自然资源和生物多样性，以改善人类福祉；同样，保护机构也承认，没有当地居民的同意和支持，公园无法得到长期保护。然而，在我们和其他人审查的36个综合保护与发展项目（icdp）中，只有5个显示它们对野生动物的保护做出了积极贡献。在本文中，我们推动生态监测(1)评估ICDP范式和具体的ICDP，(2)提供反馈以指导ICDP的未来进程，(3)整合与保护和发展相关的信息。迄今为止，icdp很少包括生态监测项目，尽管有几个计划在未来进行监测。我们概述了对icdp进行生态监测的灵活蓝图，并提供了我们在马达加斯加正在进行的工作的一个例子。为了建立全面的生态监测方案，我们建议在不同的生态组织层面和不同的分类群上进行两种类型的监测。首先，监测项目应通过跟踪跨空间和跨时间的指标组合来评估icdp对生物多样性和整体生态系统健康的总体影响（生物多样性监测）。其次，通过比较非管制区、管理缓冲区和核心保护区的目标物种多样性和丰度，监测因实施icdp而直接受到人类活动变化影响的资源和生态过程（影响监测）。全面的生态监测对于制定ICDP管理计划和促进保护与发展的一体化至关重要。
The integration of conservation with rural economic development is the latest proposed means of preventing loss of the earth's biodiversity and of solving the dilemma of ''people versus parks.'' International development agencies now recognize the need to preserve natural resources and biodiversity in concert with improving human well-being; likewise, conservation agencies acknowledge that parks cannot be protected over the long term without the consent and support of local inhabitants. Nonetheless, of 36 integrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs) reviewed by us and others, only 5 demonstrate that they have positively contributed to the conservation of wildlife. In this paper we promote ecological monitoring to (1) evaluate the ICDP paradigm and specific ICDPs, (2) provide feedback to guide the future course of ICDPs, and (3) integrate information relevant to both conservation and development. Few ICDPs have included ecological monitoring programs to date, although several have plans to monitor in the future. We outline a flexible blueprint for ecological monitoring of ICDPs and provide an example from our ongoing work in Madagascar. To establish comprehensive ecological monitoring programs, we recommend that two types of monitoring be carried out at multiple levels of ecological organization and across diverse taxa. First, monitoring programs should assess the total effects of ICDPs on biodiversity and on overall ecosystem health by tracking indicator assemblages across space and through time (biodiversity monitoring). Second, ICDPs should monitor the resources and ecological processes that will be directly affected by changes in human activities due to implementation of ICDPs by comparing target species diversity and abundance in unregulated areas, managed buffer zones, and core protected areas through time (impact monitoring). Comprehensive ecological monitoring is critical in shaping ICDP management plans and in furthering the integration of conservation and development.