Comparative Study of Ethylene Carbonate-Based Electrolyte Decomposition at Li, Ca, and Al Anode Interfaces

Comparative Study of Ethylene Carbonate-Based Electrolyte Decomposition at Li, Ca, and Al Anode Interfaces
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碳酸亚乙酯基电解液在 Li、Ca、Al 阳极界面分解的比较研究

DOI:
10.1021/acsaem.8b01707
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
6.4
通讯作者:
Smeu, Manuel
Smeu, Manuel
中科院分区:
材料科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Young, Joshua;Kulick, Peter M.;Juran, Taylor R.;Smeu, Manuel

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发展替代现有锂离子电池技术的主要瓶颈之一,如锂金属或多价离子(镁、钙、锌或铝)电池,与金属负极和电解液之间通过溶剂和盐分解在界面上形成的无机和有机化合物层(固-电解液界面或SEI)有关。在锂金属电池中,枝晶的生长导致新的SEI的不断形成,而在多价离子电池中,SEI不允许离子的扩散。因此,为这类体系找到合适的电解液并了解SEI的形成对于二次锂金属电池和多价离子电池的发展至关重要。在这项工作中,我们使用从头算分子动力学模拟来研究基于碳酸乙烯(EC)的有机电解液的初始分解阶段以及在Li、Ca和Al金属表面上SEI的形成。我们首次发现纯EC在每种表面上只分解为CO和C2H4O22-物种。然而,当盐分子被引入形成电解液时,第二种EC分解路线开始发生,导致CO32-和C2H4的形成;此外,根据盐的化学组成,在表面形成各种不同的无机化合物。最后,我们发现EC在Li和Ca表面比在Al表面分解得更快,这是因为它们的电负性和电离能较低,电荷转移速度要快得多。这种计算模型所产生的对分解和SEI形成的分子水平的理解可以引导为Beyond-Li离子电池设计新的电解液。
One of the major bottlenecks to the development of alternatives to existing Li ion battery technology, such as Li metal or multivalent ion (Mg, Ca, Zn, or Al) batteries, has to do with the layer of inorganic and organic compounds that forms at the interface between the metallic anode and electrolyte via solvent and salt decomposition (the solid–electrolyte interphase or SEI). In Li metal batteries the growth of dendrites causes continual formation of new SEI, while in multivalent ion batteries the SEI does not allow for the diffusion of the ions. Finding appropriate electrolytes for such systems and gaining an understanding of SEI formation is therefore critical to the development of secondary Li metal and multivalent ion cells. In this work, we useab initiomolecular dynamics simulations to investigate the initial stages of decomposition of organic electrolytes based on ethylene carbonate (EC) and formation of the SEI on Li, Ca, and Al metal surfaces. We first find that pure EC only decomposes to CO and C2H4O22–species on each type of surface. However, when a salt molecule is introduced to form an electrolyte, a second EC decomposition route resulting in the formation of CO32–and C2H4begins to occur; furthermore, a variety of different inorganic compounds, depending on the chemical composition of the salt, form on the surfaces. Finally, we find that EC breaks down more quickly on Li and Ca surfaces than on Al and show that this is because the rate of charge transfer is much faster owing to their lower electronegativity and ionization energies. The molecular level understanding of decomposition and SEI formation generated by this computational modeling can lead to the design of new electrolytes for beyond-Li ion batteries.
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