Recent nest tree use by the critically endangered Okinawa woodpecker in relation to forest age and two exotic forest pests
Recent nest tree use by the critically endangered Okinawa woodpecker in relation to forest age and two exotic forest pests
复制标题
极度濒危的冲绳啄木鸟最近使用的巢树与森林年龄和两种外来森林害虫的关系
DOI：
10.1080/13416979.2021.1913790
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Yagihashi Tsutomu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kotaka Nobuhiko;Preble Jason;Saito Kazuhiko;Toguchi Yutaka;Kudaka Masahiro;Sakoda Taku;Yagihashi Tsutomu
巢树的可用性是啄木鸟繁殖的关键要求。为了解冲绳啄木鸟（OW）Dendrocopos noguchii（Syn.Sapheopipo noguchii）巢树的保护区外管理策略，我们使用航空照片和当地森林登记册评估了213个巢树的特征以及巢址的详细林龄。啄木鸟使用了17种树木和一种树蕨。结果表明，在营巢树种中，占优势的树种有：锥锥占34%，苦楝占11%，桤木占24%，芦竹松占8%，其中60年生以上的林分以锥最多，而苦楝、桤木、芦竹松则分别占11%、24%和8%。japonica，P. luchuensis和M. Azedarachwere最常用于在年轻的森林。在A. japonica和P.陆川县的松树林可能分别受到外来叶蜂Plagiosterna formosana和松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus引起的松树萎蔫病的影响。然而，这些死亡是暂时的，在温暖潮湿的气候中，外来害虫爆发造成的障碍可能不是持久的资源。为确保现有营巢树的稳定供应，我们建议保留≥ 60年的森林面积，保留少量C。当测井时，也保留了大多数再生M。在幼林间伐作业中的苦楝。
Nest tree availability is a critical reproductive requirement for woodpeckers. To inform off-reserve management strategies for Okinawa woodpecker (OW)Dendrocopos noguchii(Syn.Sapheopipo noguchii) nest trees, we assessed the characteristics of 213 nest trees as well as the detailed forest age of the nest sites by using aerial photographs and the local forest registers. The woodpecker used 17 tree species and one tree fern. The dominant tree species used wereCastanopsis sieboldii(34% of total nest trees),Melia azedarach(11%),Alnus japonica(24%), andPinus luchuensis(8%).Castanopsis sieboldiiwere used most often in the forests ≥ 60 years old, whileA. japonica, P. luchuensis, andM. azedarachwere used most often in the younger forests. The relatively high frequency of nests inA. japonicaandP. luchuensissnags was likely affected by tree die-offs due to outbreaks of the introduced leaf beetlePlagiosterna formosanaand pine wilt disease caused by the introduced Pine wood nematodeBursaphelenchus xylophilus, respectively. However, these die-offs were temporary, and snags created by exotic pest outbreaks may not be long-lasting resources in the warm, humid climate. To ensure the stable supply of available nest trees for the OW, we recommend preserving areas of forest ≥ 60 years old, retaining a fewC. sieboldiitrees when logging, and also retaining most regeneratingM. azedarachtrees during thinning operations in young forests.