PROGRAPE-1: A Programmable, Multi-Purpose Computer for Many-Body Simulations
PROGRAPE-1: A Programmable, Multi-Purpose Computer for Many-Body Simulations
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PROGRAPE-1：用于多体模拟的可编程多功能计算机
DOI：
10.1093/pasj/52.5.943
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
J. Makino
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Hamada;T. Fukushige;A. Kawai;J. Makino
我们已经开发了PROGRAPE-1（可编程GRAPE-1），一个可编程的多用途计算机多体模拟。PROGRAPE-1和“传统”GRAPE系统之间的主要区别是前者使用FPGA（现场可编程门阵列）芯片作为处理元件，而后者依赖于专门用于重力相互作用的硬连线流水线处理器。由于FPGA芯片中实现的逻辑可以重新配置，我们可以使用PROGRAPE-1不仅计算引力相互作用，还可以计算其他形式的相互作用，如货车范德华力，SPH计算中的流体动力学相互作用等。PROGRAPE-1包括两个Altera EPF 10 K100 FPGA芯片，每个芯片标称包含100，000个门。为了评估PROGRAPE-1的可编程性和性能，我们实现了一个类似于GRAPE-3的重力相互作用管道。一个流水线安装在一个FPGA芯片上，工作在16 MHz时钟。因此，对于引力相互作用，PROGRAPE-1提供了相当于0.96 Gflops的速度。PROGRAPE将被证明是有用的广泛的粒子为基础的模拟，其中的计算成本的相互作用以外的重力是高的，如SPH相互作用的评估。
We have developed PROGRAPE-1 (PROgrammable GRAPE-1), a programmable multi-purpose computer for many-body simulations. The main difference between PROGRAPE-1 and "traditional" GRAPE systems is that the former uses FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) chips as the processing elements, while the latter rely on the hardwired pipeline processor specialized to gravitational interactions. Since the logic implemented in FPGA chips can be reconfigured, we can use PROGRAPE-1 to calculate not only gravitational interactions but also other forms of interactions such as van der Waals force, hydrodynamical interactions in SPH calculation and so on. PROGRAPE-1 comprises two Altera EPF10K100 FPGA chips, each of which contains nominally 100,000 gates. To evaluate the programmability and performance of PROGRAPE-1, we implemented a pipeline for gravitational interaction similar to that of GRAPE-3. One pipeline fitted into a single FPGA chip, which operated at 16 MHz clock. Thus, for gravitational interaction, PROGRAPE-1 provided the speed of 0.96 Gflops-equivalent. PROGRAPE will prove to be useful for wide-range of particle-based simulations in which the calculation cost of interactions other than gravity is high, such as the evaluation of SPH interactions.