Crop and field boundary influences on the activity of a wide range of beneficial invertebrate groups on a split conventional/organic farm in northern England
Crop and field boundary influences on the activity of a wide range of beneficial invertebrate groups on a split conventional/organic farm in northern England
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作物和田地边界对英格兰北部一个传统/有机农场中各种有益无脊椎动物群活动的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
C. Leifert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Eyre;C. Leifert
2005年和2006年，在英格兰北部的一个农场上，对12个有益无脊椎动物群体的活动进行了评估，该农场分为传统管理和有机管理两部分，在作物和田地边界设置了陷阱和平底锅陷阱。评估了管理、作物和边界结构对无脊椎动物活动的影响，以及作物和边界类型之间的关系。在这两年中，作物组合和边界组合的分类分别产生了3组和2组。有机耕地作物在这两个年份都有明确的组合；此外，虽然草地和草/三叶草田在2005年与传统耕地分开，但在2006年进行了混合。一个边界组在两年内均以常规耕地为主，边界植被较高。另一组有机耕地和草地较多，边界植被较短。冗余分析结果表明，有机耕地中有多个类群（飞蛾科、瓢虫科、飞蛾科、姬螨科、小蠊科、直蛾科、石竹科）的活动较多，常规耕地中有较多的葡萄蚜科，而甲虫科、半翅目、神经翅目和林蚜科的活动趋势不明显。某些类群的活性与杂草覆盖密切相关，尤其是尾虫科、食蚜科和寄生蜂。在常规种植作物的高草本界中，葡萄球菌科最活跃，而在有机种植作物的短草本界中，有更多的类群（斑蛾科、球藻科、寄生蜂科）。有机管理在空中分散的无脊椎动物中产生了最大的差异，管理对野外边界的活动有深远的影响。增加无脊椎动物活动的可能管理处方包括改变播种时间、杂草覆盖操纵和田地边界和边缘管理。
Abstract Activity of 12 beneficial invertebrate groups was assessed in 2005 and 2006 on a farm in northern England split into conventional and organic management halves, using pitfall and pan traps set in both crops and field boundaries. Management, crop and boundary structure influences on invertebrate activity were assessed, as was the relationship between crop and boundary type. Classification of crop and boundary assemblages produced three and two groups, respectively, in both years. Organic arable crops had well-defined assemblages in both years; and, while grass and grass/clover fields were separated from conventional arable fields in 2005, there was mixing in 2006. One boundary group, in both years, was dominated by conventional arable fields with tall herbaceous boundary vegetation. The other group had more organic arable and grassy fields with shorter boundary vegetation. Redundancy analyses showed that a number of groups (Cantharidae, Coccinellidae, Syrphidae, Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Proctotrupoidea, Lycosidae) were more active in organic arable fields with more Staphylinidae in conventional arable crops and no obvious trend with Carabidae, Hemiptera, Neuroptera and Linyphiidae. Activity of some groups, especially Coccinellidae, Syrphidae and parasitic wasps, was strongly related to weed cover. Staphylinidae were most active in tall herbaceous boundaries by conventional arable crops with more of a number of groups (Cantharidae, Coccinellidae, parasitic wasps) in short herbaceous boundaries by organic arable crops. Organic management produced most differences in aerially-dispersed invertebrates, and management had a profound effect on activity in field boundaries. Possible management prescriptions to increase invertebrate activity include changing sowing times, weed cover manipulation and field boundary and margin management.