Echolocating bats rely on audiovocal feedback to adapt sonar signal design
Echolocating bats rely on audiovocal feedback to adapt sonar signal design
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1711892114
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发表时间：
2017-10-10
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Moss, Cynthia F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Luo, Jinhong;Moss, Cynthia F.
许多种类的蝙蝠发出声音信号，并利用附近物体反射的回声所携带的信息来导航和觅食。广泛的文献表明，回声定位蝙蝠根据回声反馈调整声纳呼叫的特征；然而，它仍然是未知的是否听觉反馈有助于声纳呼叫设计。声声反馈是指在叫声产生过程中对自己发声的监测，在非回声定位动物中得到了深入研究。声声反馈不仅是发声学习的必要组成部分，而且还指导着对发声光谱-时间结构的控制。在这里，我们表明声声反馈直接参与了回声定位蝙蝠对声纳呼叫特征的控制。当大棕色蝙蝠从静止位置跟踪目标时，我们播放声音干扰信号，模拟另一只蝙蝠的叫声，定时有选择地干扰声音反馈或回声反馈。我们发现，当干扰信号出现在发声过程中时，蝙蝠表现出最大的叫声频率调整。相比之下，当干扰信号与目标回声同时到达时，蝙蝠没有表现出声纳呼叫频率的调整。此外，蝙蝠在干扰信号后的第一次发声中迅速适应声纳呼叫设计，显示响应延迟在66至94毫秒之间。因此，蝙蝠，像鸣禽和人类一样，依靠声音反馈来构建声纳信号设计。
Many species of bat emit acoustic signals and use information carried by echoes reflecting from nearby objects to navigate and forage. It is widely documented that echolocating bats adjust the features of sonar calls in response to echo feedback; however, it remains unknown whether audiovocal feedback contributes to sonar call design. Audiovocal feedback refers to the monitoring of one's own vocalizations during call production and has been intensively studied in nonecholocating animals. Audiovocal feedback not only is a necessary component of vocal learning but also guides the control of the spectro-temporal structure of vocalizations. Here, we show that audiovocal feedback is directly involved in the echolocating bat's control of sonar call features. As big brown bats tracked targets from a stationary position, we played acoustic jamming signals, simulating calls of another bat, timed to selectively perturb audiovocal feedback or echo feedback. We found that the bats exhibited the largest call-frequency adjustments when the jamming signals occurred during vocal production. By contrast, bats did not show sonar call-frequency adjustments when the jamming signals coincided with the arrival of target echoes. Furthermore, bats rapidly adapted sonar call design in the first vocalization following the jamming signal, revealing a response latency in the range of 66 to 94 ms. Thus, bats, like songbirds and humans, rely on audiovocal feedback to structure sonar signal design.