Effects of subsidies on urban public transport
Effects of subsidies on urban public transport
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00177696
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发表时间：
1980-12
期刊：
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
P. Bly;F. Webster;S. Pounds
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Bly;F. Webster;S. Pounds
由于公共交通运营成本增加和补贴增加(在某些情况下伴随着载客量下降)的总趋势，欧洲交通部长会议启动了一项补贴研究，并寻求运输和道路研究实验室的帮助。这项有18个国家参与的研究涉及补贴的目的、补贴的来源和条件、补贴的趋势以及补贴对乘客、票价、服务水平、成本和生产力的影响。分析了有关补贴目标的定性信息与实现这些目标的可能性，并考虑到目前尝试将汽车司机转换为公共交通工具的经验。关于趋势的量化信息指的是公共交通阶段性服务，尽可能复盖整个国家，涉及1965-77年期间；这些数据是在TRRL赞助的旅行需求因素研究过程中收集的世界不同地区59个城市的数据补充的。我们用回归分析研究了乘客量与服务水平之间的关系，以及补贴与各种经营因素(包括成本和生产力)之间的关系，得出的一般结论是，虽然支付的大部分补贴反映在票价下降和服务水平改善上，但很可能有一些渗漏到较高的单位成本和人员配备水平。
Because of a general trend of increasing costs of public transport operations and higher subsidies (in some cases accompanied by falling patronage) the European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) initiated a study of subsidisation and sought the help of the Transport and Road Research Laboratory. The study, in which eighteen countries took part, was concerned with the aims of subsidy, the sources and conditions attached to subsidy, trends in subsidies and the effect of subsidies on patronage, fares, service levels, costs and productivity.The qualitative information concerning the aims of subsidy was analysed in relation to the likelihood of achieving such aims, taking into account current experience of attempts to switch car drivers to public transport. The quantitative information on trends referred to public transport stage services covering where possible the entire country and relating to the period 1965–77; these data were supplemented by data from 59 cities in different parts of the world collected in the course of a TRRL-sponsored study of travel demand factors. The relationship between patronage and service levels, and between subsidies and various operating factors, including costs and productivity, were studied using regression analysis and the general conclusion reached was that although the major part of the subsidy paid was reflected by reduced fares and improved service levels there may well have been some leakage into higher unit costs and manning levels.