Oxidative stress and antioxidative system in plants
Oxidative stress and antioxidative system in plants
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
A. Arora;R. Sairam;G. Srivastava
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Arora;R. Sairam;G. Srivastava
自由基和其他活性氧衍生物是生物氧化还原反应不可避免的副产品。活性氧会使酶失活并损害重要的细胞成分。有毒氧衍生物的产生增加被认为是应激条件的普遍或共同特征。植物和其他生物体已经进化出多种机制来应对这个问题。植物的抗氧化防御系统由多种抗氧化分子和酶组成。自由基对膜的作用的影响包括诱导脂质过氧化和脂肪酸脱酯化。乙烯生物合成和膜分解似乎密切相关，似乎都涉及自由基，尽管产生这些自由基的事件顺序仍然知之甚少。很明显，抗氧化防御系统的能力和活性对于限制氧化损伤和破坏产生的超过新陈代谢正常需要的活性氧非常重要。转基因植物为我们提供了一种方法，使我们能够完全了解酶在抵御多种类型（环境胁迫和诱导胁迫）中所起的作用。对表达抗氧化防御系统单酶活性增加的转化植物的研究表明，通过这些方法可以赋予一定程度的应激耐受性。植物转化的出现使我们能够通过增强抗氧化防御系统来提高植物的胁迫耐受性。
Free radicals and other active derivatives of oxygen are inevitable by-products of biological redox reactions. Reactive oxygen species inactivate enzymes and damage important cellular components. The increased production of toxic oxygen derivatives is considered to be a universal or common feature of stress conditions. Plant and other organisms have evolved a wide range of mechanisms to contend with this problem. The antioxidant defence system of the plant comprises a variety of antioxidant molecules and enzymes. The effects of the action of free radicals on membranes include the induction of lipid peroxidation and fatty acid de-esterification. Both ethylene biosynthesis and membrane breakdown, which appear to be closely linked, seem to involve free radicals, although the sequence of events generating these free radicals is still poorly understood. It is clear that the capacity and activity of the antioxidative defence system are important in limiting oxidative damage and in destroying active oxygen species that are produced in excess of those normally required for metabolism. Transgenic plants offered us a means by which to achieve complete understanding of the roles of the enzymes involved in protection against stress of many types, environmental and induced. Studies on transformed plants expressing increased activities of single enzymes of the antioxidative defence system indicate that it is possible to confer a degree of tolerance to stress by these means. The advent of plant transformation has placed within our grasp the possibility of engineering greater stress tolerance in plants by enhancements of the antioxidative defence system.