Evidence for contact calls in fish: conspecific vocalisations and ambient soundscape influence group cohesion in a nocturnal species
Evidence for contact calls in fish: conspecific vocalisations and ambient soundscape influence group cohesion in a nocturnal species
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鱼类接触叫声的证据：同种发声和环境声景影响夜间物种的群体凝聚力
作者：
L. van Oosterom;J. Montgomery;A. Jeffs;C. Radford
声景为鱼类群落的研究提供了一种新的工具。大眼鱼是夜间活动的食浮性珊瑚鱼，在松散的浅滩中觅食，是松散的食性珊瑚鱼。这些发声被认为是维持群体凝聚力的联系呼叫，然而没有直接证据证明这一点，尽管许多其他脊椎动物，包括海洋哺乳动物的联系呼叫都有很好的记录。对于鱼类来说，群体凝聚力信号的直接证据仅限于视觉和水动力线索的使用。为了支持将发声作为一种有用的线索，我们的实验室实验表明，当大眼睛在较高声级下听到周围珊瑚礁声音的录音时，大眼睛显著增强了群体凝聚力，同时也减少了发声。这些行为模式与声学掩蔽相一致。当回放同种发声时，大眼睛的群体凝聚力和发音率都显著增加。这些结果首次直接支持了发声被用作维持鱼类群体凝聚力的联系信号的假设，使鱼类成为进化上最古老的脊椎动物群体，在其中观察到了这种现象，并为解释夜间活动的珊瑚礁声景增加了一个新的维度。
Soundscapes provide a new tool for the study of fish communities. Bigeyes (Pempheris adspersa) are nocturnal planktivorous reef fish, feed in loose shoals and are soniferous. These vocalisations have been suggested to be contact calls to maintain group cohesion, however direct evidence for this is absent, despite the fact that contact calls are well documented for many other vertebrates, including marine mammals. For fish, direct evidence for group cohesion signals is restricted to the use of visual and hydrodynamic cues. In support of adding vocalisation as a contributing cue, our laboratory experiments show that bigeyes significantly increased group cohesion when exposed to recordings of ambient reef sound at higher sound levels while also decreasing vocalisations. These patterns of behaviour are consistent with acoustic masking. When exposed to playback of conspecific vocalisations, the group cohesion and vocalisation rates of bigeyes both significantly increased. These results provide the first direct experimental support for the hypotheses that vocalisations are used as contact calls to maintain group cohesion in fishes, making fish the evolutionarily oldest vertebrate group in which this phenomenon has been observed and adding a new dimension to the interpretation of nocturnal reef soundscapes.