Volatile signals of the major histocompatibility complex in male mouse urine
Volatile signals of the major histocompatibility complex in male mouse urine
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.94.6.2210
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发表时间：
1997-03-18
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Yamazaki, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Singer, AG;Beauchamp, GK;Yamazaki, K
主要组织相容性复合体（MWC）的结构变化导致独特的个体气味在小鼠中，如通过在Y-迷宫嗅觉仪中训练的小鼠区分仅在MHC上遗传不同的几乎相同的近交系小鼠的能力所证明的，（MHC同源小鼠），虽然他们不能区分基因相同的近交系小鼠，但尿液也可能有类似的区别，一种参与小鼠化学通讯的许多方面的物质，本文报道了支持以下假设的结果，即MHC确定的尿气味是由挥发性羧酸的混合物组成的，这些羧酸的相对浓度是气味类型的特征，Y-迷宫行为测试的尿液馏分从阴离子交换色谱表明，挥发性酸是必要的，足以传达MHC气味型信息。乙醚提取物，预计含有更多的挥发性，极性较低的有机酸，也是可辨别的Y-迷宫嗅觉仪，乙醚提取物的12个不同的尿液样品从两个面板的MHC同源小鼠进行了分析，通过气相色谱法。两种基因型尿液中均未检测到独特的化合物，但在每种类型的大多数样品中，化合物确实以特征比例出现。气相色谱数据的非参数统计分析表明，其中8个峰在同类样品中以显著不同的相对浓度出现，其中一个峰显示为苯乙酸，这对气味类型的MHC特化机制有影响。
Variation in the gents of the major histocompatibility complex (MWC) contributes to unique individual odors (odortypes) in mice, as demonstrated by the ability of trained mice in a Y-maze olfactometer to discriminate nearly identical inbred mice that differ genetically only at the MHC (MHC congenic mice), while they cannot distinguish genetically identical inbred mice, Similar distinctions are possible with urine, a substance that is involved in many facets of mouse chemical communication, This paper reports results supporting the hypothesis that the MHC-determined urinary odor is composed of a mixture of volatile carboxylic acids occurring in relative concentrations that are characteristic of the odortype, Y-maze behavioral testing of urine fractions from anion exchange chromatography indicates that volatile acids are necessary and sufficient to convey MHC odortype information. Diethyl ether extracts, which are expected to contain the more volatile, less polar organic acids, were also discriminable in the Y-maze olfactometer, Ether extracts of 12 different urine samples from each of two panels of MHC congenic mice were analyzed by gas chromatography. No compounds unique to urine of either genotype mere detected, but compounds did appear to occur in characteristic ratios in most of the samples of each type, Nonparametric statistical analysis of the gas chromatographic data showed that eight of the peaks occurred in significantly different relative concentrations in the congenic samples, One of the peaks was shown to represent phenylacetic acid, which has implications for the mechanism of the MHC specification of odortype.