Learning-Dependent, Transient Increase of Activity in Noradrenergic Neurons of Locus Coeruleus during Slow Wave Sleep in the Rat: Brain Stem-Cortex Interplay for Memory Consolidation?
Learning-Dependent, Transient Increase of Activity in Noradrenergic Neurons of Locus Coeruleus during Slow Wave Sleep in the Rat: Brain Stem-Cortex Interplay for Memory Consolidation?
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhn020
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Sara, Susan J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eschenko, Oxana;Sara, Susan J.
睡眠中的记忆巩固正在重新获得注意力，这是由于最近有一波关于睡眠后记忆改善或睡眠障碍后记忆不足的报道。神经调质被认为是这种假定的离线记忆处理的可能参与者，但没有太多的实验证据。我们记录神经元活动的大鼠去甲肾上腺素能核蓝斑（LC）使用长期植入可移动微电极，同时监测行为状态，通过皮层脑电图和在线视频记录。在自由行为大鼠的嗅觉辨别学习之前和之后3小时，对生理上鉴定的LC的去甲肾上腺素能神经元进行细胞外记录。在随后的日子里，如果LC记录保持稳定，则在嗅觉辨别方案内进行额外的学习课程，包括消退、逆转、学习新气味。相反的长期存在的教条，去甲肾上腺素能神经元的LC的静止，我们发现了短暂的增加，在训练大鼠慢波睡眠（SWS）学习后2小时LC活动。在SWS过程中LC神经元的学习依赖性参与的发现鼓励了在记忆巩固的延迟阶段探索脑干-皮层相互作用，并应该为记忆形成的机制带来新的见解。
Memory consolidation during sleep is regaining attention due to a wave of recent reports of memory improvements after sleep or deficits after sleep disturbance. Neuromodulators have been proposed as possible players in this putative off-line memory processing, without much experimental evidence. We recorded neuronal activity in the rat noradrenergic nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) using chronically implanted movable microelectrodes while monitoring the behavioral state via electrocorticogram and online video recording. Extracellular recordings of physiologically identified noradrenergic neurons of LC were made in freely behaving rats for 3 h before and after olfactory discrimination learning. On subsequent days, if LC recording remained stable, additional learning sessions were made within the olfactory discrimination protocol, including extinction, reversals, learning new odors. Contrary to the long-standing dogma about the quiescence of noradrenergic neurons of LC, we found a transient increase in LC activity in trained rats during slow wave sleep (SWS) 2 h after learning. The discovery of learning-dependent engagement of LC neurons during SWS encourages exploration of brain stem-cortical interaction during this delayed phase of memory consolidation and should bring new insights into mechanisms underlying memory formation.