Supranormal orientation selectivity of visual neurons in orientation-restricted animals.
Supranormal orientation selectivity of visual neurons in orientation-restricted animals.
复制标题
视觉神经元在限制动物中的视觉神经元的过度定向选择性。
DOI：
10.1038/srep16712
复制
发表时间：
2015-11-16
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Ohzawa I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sasaki KS;Kimura R;Ninomiya T;Tabuchi Y;Tanaka H;Fukui M;Asada YC;Arai T;Inagaki M;Nakazono T;Baba M;Kato D;Nishimoto S;Sanada TM;Tani T;Imamura K;Tanaka S;Ohzawa I
在生命早期，感官体验的改变往往会导致显著的适应，使人类和动物能够在特定环境中充分利用现有的信息。通过将视觉输入限制在年幼动物的有限方向范围内，这项研究表明，刺激选择性，例如，初级视觉皮层中单个神经元的调谐锐度被修改以匹配特定环境。具体来说，在定向限制动物中，调整到有经验的方向的神经元比正常动物中的神经元显示出更尖锐的方向调整，而对于调整到无经验的方向的神经元，情况正好相反。这种尖锐的调谐似乎是由于延长的感受野。我们的研究结果表明，受限的感觉体验可以塑造为特定环境量身定制的单个神经元的超正常功能。上述研究结果，除了最小的人口反应的方向接近的经验，同意稀疏编码假设的预测，其中信息是有效地表示了少量的激活神经元。这表明，早期的大脑区域采用了一种有效的策略来编码信息，即使动物是在一个严重受限的视觉环境中长大的，在这种环境中，感官输入具有不自然的统计结构。
Altered sensory experience in early life often leads to remarkable adaptations so that humans and animals can make the best use of the available information in a particular environment. By restricting visual input to a limited range of orientations in young animals, this investigation shows that stimulus selectivity, e.g., the sharpness of tuning of single neurons in the primary visual cortex, is modified to match a particular environment. Specifically, neurons tuned to an experienced orientation in orientation-restricted animals show sharper orientation tuning than neurons in normal animals, whereas the opposite was true for neurons tuned to non-experienced orientations. This sharpened tuning appears to be due to elongated receptive fields. Our results demonstrate that restricted sensory experiences can sculpt the supranormal functions of single neurons tailored for a particular environment. The above findings, in addition to the minimal population response to orientations close to the experienced one, agree with the predictions of a sparse coding hypothesis in which information is represented efficiently by a small number of activated neurons. This suggests that early brain areas adopt an efficient strategy for coding information even when animals are raised in a severely limited visual environment where sensory inputs have an unnatural statistical structure.