The influence of differential sedimentary loading and compaction on the development of a deltaic rollover
The influence of differential sedimentary loading and compaction on the development of a deltaic rollover
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差异沉积载荷和压实作用对三角洲翻转发展的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.08.005
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Fazli Khani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fazli Khani
通过对尼日尔三角洲西部的三维地震资料和电缆测井资料的分析，揭示了一个主要的三角洲生长断层沉积中心的沉积和构造历史，该沉积中心包括一个更大规模的滚动背斜。滚动的地震单元显示出不均匀的厚度分布，其各自的最大值靠近系统向陆侧的主要边界生长断层。这种楔形沉积物储存结构最终反映了研究区可容纳空间的不均匀形成，其受控于1）上盘和下盘地层的差异压实，2）铲状主断层上方断层诱导构造沉降的横向变化，以及可能3）与移动的页岩对载荷和浮力的反应的地下运动相关的局部沉降。一个连续的三维解压缩的解释三角洲翻转单元允许重建和测量压实发展的翻转继承通过时间，记录沉积物压实每个沉积间隔之间的25%和35%的代沉积空间随后填充三角洲沉积物。沉积单元的增量解压缩被进一步用于量化由断层运动、页岩退缩、区域构造沉降、等值线和海平面变化产生的所研究的翻转处及其周围的可容纳空间的累积量。如果有区域沉降和地层升降的数据，则可以从累积可容纳空间平衡中减去这些全盆地控制对沉积空间生成的贡献，累积可容纳空间平衡最终量化了断层运动或页岩回撤造成的沉积物堆积空间量。这一观察是重要的，因为它意味着，背景知识的沉降，地层年龄和海平面变化允许重建和量化断层运动同构造三角洲的增长序列，这仅仅是基于上盘等厚线趋势独立的下盘信息。
Three-dimensional seismic data and wireline logs from the western Niger Delta were analyzed to reveal the sedimentary and tectonic history of a major deltaic growth-fault depocenter comprising a kilometer-scale rollover anticline. The seismic units of the rollover show a non-uniform thickness distribution with their respective maximum near the main bounding growth-fault on the landward side of the system. This wedge-shaped sediment-storage architecture ultimately reflects the non-uniform creation of accommodation space in the study area that was controlled by 1) the differential compaction of the hanging-wall and footwall strata, 2) the lateral variation of fault-induced tectonic subsidence above the listric master fault, and possibly 3) local subsidence related to the subsurface movement of mobile shale reacting to loading and buoyancy. A sequential three-dimensional decompaction of the interpreted deltaic rollover units allowed to reconstruct and measure the compaction development of the rollover succession through time, documenting that sediment compaction contributed per depositional interval to between 25 and 35% of the generation of depositional space subsequently filled by deltaic sediments. The incremental decompaction of sedimentary units was further used to quantify the cumulative amount of accommodation space at and around the studied rollover that was created by fault movement, shale withdrawal, regional tectonic subsidence, isostasy and changes in sea level. If data on the regional subsidence and eustasy are available, the contribution of these basinwide controls to the generation of depositional space can be subtracted from the cumulative accommodation balance, which ultimately quantifies the amount of space for sediments to accumulate created by fault movement or shale withdrawal. This observation is important in that it implies that background knowledge on subsidence, stratigraphic age and sea-level changes allows to reconstruct and quantify fault movement in syn-tectonic deltaic growth successions, and this solely based on hanging-wall isopach trends independent of footwall information.
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