Differences in plumulaceous feather characters of dabbling and diving ducks
Differences in plumulaceous feather characters of dabbling and diving ducks
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DOI：
10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109
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发表时间：
2007-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Agreda, Ana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dove, Carla J.;Agreda, Ana
通过对18种涉水鸭（Anatini）和潜水鸭（Aythyini, Mergini） 5种微观羽状（绒毛）羽毛特征的变化进行研究，定量分析了不同种群间的差异，并解释了不同生态需求对鸭羽状羽毛超微结构的影响。主成分分析（PCA）的前两个分量解释了这些鸭子羽毛性状的75%以上的差异。组分1解释了51%的变异，与量化小枝伸展节数和小枝上伸展节数的性状呈正相关。浅水鸭（Anatini）的微观羽毛特征在大多数近端小枝上具有三角形的展开节，而潜水鸭（Aythyini和Mergini）在一些小枝上缺乏展开节。Anatini在每个小枝上有更大的展开节密度，更宽的节，更短的展开节之间的距离，和更长的小枝长度。进一步的节点密度分析表明，随着潜水深度的增加，每个小枝的扩展节点数量减少，在最深的潜水中，许多小枝完全没有扩展节点。涉水鸭的伸展节密度明显更高，这表明绒毛节的功能可能是困住更多的空气。潜水的种类有较少的伸展节，较少浮力的羽毛，并且在较深的水中觅食比涉水的鸭子更有效。
We examined variation in five microscopic plumulaceous (downy) feather characters of eighteen species of dabbling (Anatini) and diving (Aythyini, Mergini) ducks to quantify the differences between these tribes, and to explain how the plumulaceous feather ultrastructure in ducks may be influenced by different ecological requirements. Over 75% of the variation in feather characters among these ducks was explained by the first two components of a principal components analysis (PCA). Component I explained 51% of the variation and was positively correlated with the characters that quantified the number of barbules with expanded nodes and the number of expanded nodes on barbules. The microscopic feather characters of dabbling ducks (Anatini) have triangular-shaped, expanded nodes on most proximal barbules, whereas diving ducks (Aythyini and Mergini) lack expanded nodes on some barbules. Anatini also have a greater density of expanded nodes per barbule, wider nodes, shorter distance between expanded nodes, and longer barbule length. Further analysis of node density across all taxa showed that as dive depths increase, the number of expanded nodes per barbule decreases, and in the deepest divers many of the barbules completely lack expanded nodes. The significantly greater density of expanded nodes in dabbling ducks suggests that the downy nodes may function to trap more air. Diving species have fewer expanded nodes, less buoyant plumage, and are more efficient at foraging in deeper water than dabbling ducks.