HOME RANGE AND LANDSCAPE USE OF COYOTES IN A METROPOLITAN LANDSCAPE: CONFLICT OR COEXISTENCE?
HOME RANGE AND LANDSCAPE USE OF COYOTES IN A METROPOLITAN LANDSCAPE: CONFLICT OR COEXISTENCE?
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DOI：
10.1644/08-mamm-a-277.1
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发表时间：
2009-10-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
White, Lynsey A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gehrt, Stanley D.;Anchor, Chris;White, Lynsey A.
了解顶级食肉哺乳动物对城市化的反应对人类与野生动物冲突的保护和管理具有重要意义。郊狼（Canis latrans）最近在许多大都市地区变得更加普遍；然而，人们对他们明显的成功却知之甚少。我们估计了郊狼在高度城市化景观中的活动范围和土地利用类型的选择，并特别关注了郊狼对人类发展或活动水平高的城市景观部分的反应。暂住土狼的平均（+/- SE）年活动范围(（X) = 26.80 +/- 2.95 km(2)）大于常住土狼((X) = 4.95 +/- 0.34 km(2))，且常住土狼的活动范围在季节、年龄和性别之间没有差异。尽管大多数土狼的栖息地与自然栖息地斑块有关，但土狼之间存在相当大的差异，有些土狼的栖息地完全没有自然栖息地斑块。在家园范围内，土狼通常避免与人类活动相关的土地利用类型（即住宅，城市草地和城市土地），无论土狼的特征，季节和活动期如何。很少有土狼是令人讨厌的，当土狼生病或接触到人类喂食的野生动物时，就会发生冲突。我们发现很少有证据表明土狼被吸引到与人类活动有关的地区，尽管有时它们的活动范围位于高度发达的地区。
An understanding of how top mammalian carnivores respond to urbanization is important for conservation and management of human-wildlife conflicts. Coyotes (Canis latrans) have recently become more prevalent in many metropolitan areas; however, their apparent success is poorly understood. We estimated home-range size and selection of land-use types for coyotes in a heavily urbanized landscape, with a particular focus on responses of coyotes to those parts of the urban landscape with high levels of human development or activity. Mean (+/- SE) annual home ranges of transient coyotes ((X) over bar = 26.80 +/- 2.95 km(2)) were larger than those of resident coyotes ((X) over bar = 4.95 +/- 0.34 km(2).), and home-range size for resisdent coyotes did not vary among seasons or between age and sex classes. Although most home ranges were associated with natural patches of habitat, there was considerable variation among coyotes, with some home ranges entirely lacking patches of natural habitat. Within home ranges, coyotes typically avoided land-use types associated with human activity (i.e., Residential, Urban Grass, and Urban Land) regardless of coyote characteristics, seasons, and activity periods. Few coyotes were nuisances, and conflicts occurred when coyotes were sick or exposed to wildlife feeding by humans. We found little evidence that coyotes were attracted to areas associated with hurnan activity, despite at times having home ranges located in heavily developed areas.