"Space, the Final Frontier": How Good are Agent-Based Models at Simulating Individuals and Space in Cities?
"Space, the Final Frontier": How Good are Agent-Based Models at Simulating Individuals and Space in Cities?
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DOI：
10.3390/systems4010009
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Crooks, Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heppenstall, Alison;Malleson, Nick;Crooks, Andrew
城市是一个复杂的系统，由许多相互作用的部分组成。我们如何模拟和理解城市系统中的因果关系正在不断演变。在过去的十年中，基于主体的建模(ABM)范式为理解个体相互作用的影响以及如何通过这种相互作用在城市的社会和物理环境中形成宏观结构提供了一个新的视角。然而，由于计算能力和缺乏大规模的精细数据集，这样的范例受到了阻碍。在过去的几年里，随着大数据的出现，我们见证了计算处理能力和存储空间的大幅增长。今天，地理学家发现自己身处一个数据丰富的时代。我们现在可以访问各种数据源(例如，社交媒体、移动电话数据等)。这告诉我们个人是如何以及何时使用城市空间的。这些数据提出了几个问题：我们能否有效地利用它们来理解城市并将其建模为复杂的实体？ABM方法在模拟城市过程的动态方面有多好？大数据在提高我们理解和模拟城市的能力方面已经或将会产生什么影响？模拟城市现象的空间分析和时间框架的适当水平是什么？在本文中，我们使用ABM应用于城市地理学的几个例子来讨论这些问题，以开始关于ABM在城市建模中的效用的对话。这篇论文提出的论点适用于研究人员正在考虑使用这种方法的更广泛的研究环境。
Cities are complex systems, comprising of many interacting parts. How we simulate and understand causality in urban systems is continually evolving. Over the last decade the agent-based modeling (ABM) paradigm has provided a new lens for understanding the effects of interactions of individuals and how through such interactions macro structures emerge, both in the social and physical environment of cities. However, such a paradigm has been hindered due to computational power and a lack of large fine scale datasets. Within the last few years we have witnessed a massive increase in computational processing power and storage, combined with the onset of Big Data. Today geographers find themselves in a data rich era. We now have access to a variety of data sources (e.g., social media, mobile phone data, etc.) that tells us how, and when, individuals are using urban spaces. These data raise several questions: can we effectively use them to understand and model cities as complex entities? How well have ABM approaches lent themselves to simulating the dynamics of urban processes? What has been, or will be, the influence of Big Data on increasing our ability to understand and simulate cities? What is the appropriate level of spatial analysis and time frame to model urban phenomena? Within this paper we discuss these questions using several examples of ABM applied to urban geography to begin a dialogue about the utility of ABM for urban modeling. The arguments that the paper raises are applicable across the wider research environment where researchers are considering using this approach.