Effects of long-term calorie restriction and endurance exercise on glucose tolerance, insulin action, and adipokine production
Effects of long-term calorie restriction and endurance exercise on glucose tolerance, insulin action, and adipokine production
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DOI：
10.1007/s11357-009-9118-z
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Holloszy, John O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fontana, Luigi;Klein, Samuel;Holloszy, John O.
热量限制（CR）减缓衰老，并被认为可以改善实验室动物的胰岛素敏感性。相反，在各种长寿的遗传动物模型中，胰岛素信号传导减少和/或轻度胰岛素抵抗矛盾地延长了最长寿命。关于CR对瘦健康人的葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素作用的长期影响尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们评估了28名志愿者的身体组成、葡萄糖和胰岛素对口服葡萄糖耐量试验的反应以及血清脂肪因子水平，这些志愿者平均食用CR饮食6.9 +/- 5.5年，（平均年龄53.0 ± 11岁），28名年龄、性别和体脂匹配的耐力跑步者（EX）和28名年龄和性别匹配的久坐不动的西方饮食对照者（WD）。我们发现，CR和EX志愿者明显比WD志愿者瘦。根据HOMA-IR和Matsuda和DeFronzo胰岛素敏感性指数测定的胰岛素敏感性，CR组和EX组显著高于WD组（P = 0.001）。尽管如此，尽管血清脂联素水平较高，炎症水平较低，但仍有约40%的CR患者对葡萄糖负荷表现出过度的高血糖反应。这种葡萄糖耐量受损与IGF-1、总睾酮和三碘甲腺原氨酸的循环水平较低相关，这些是啮齿动物对延长寿命CR的典型适应。
Calorie restriction (CR) slows aging and is thought to improve insulin sensitivity in laboratory animals. In contrast, decreased insulin signaling and/or mild insulin resistance paradoxically extends maximal lifespan in various genetic animal models of longevity. Nothing is known regarding the long-term effects of CR on glucose tolerance and insulin action in lean healthy humans. In this study we evaluated body composition, glucose, and insulin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test and serum adipokines levels in 28 volunteers, who had been eating a CR diet for an average of 6.9 +/- 5.5 years, (mean age 53.0 +/- 11 years), in 28 age-, sex-, and body fat-matched endurance runners (EX), and 28 age- and sex-matched sedentary controls eating Western diets (WD). We found that the CR and EX volunteers were significantly leaner than the WD volunteers. Insulin sensitivity, determined according to the HOMA-IR and the Matsuda and DeFronzo insulin sensitivity indexes, was significantly higher in the CR and EX groups than in the WD group (P = 0.001). Nonetheless, despite high serum adiponectin and low inflammation, similar to 40% of CR individuals exhibited an exaggerated hyperglycemic response to a glucose load. This impaired glucose tolerance is associated with lower circulating levels of IGF-1, total testosterone, and triiodothyronine, which are typical adaptations to life-extending CR in rodents.