Cheliceral Morphology in Solifugae (Arachnida): Primary Homology, Terminology, and Character Survey
Cheliceral Morphology in Solifugae (Arachnida): Primary Homology, Terminology, and Character Survey
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蜘蛛纲（Arachnida）螯肢形态：主要同源性、术语和特征调查
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Prendini
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Bird;R. Wharton;L. Prendini
避日目蜘蛛（避日蜘蛛、假蜘蛛、太阳蜘蛛、骆驼蜘蛛、风蜘蛛）在螯肢类中具有最大的颚。螯肢是离土植物系统学中最重要的特征系统，包括齿系和雄螯肢鞭毛，它们被广泛用于种的划分和诊断。然而，用于螯肢性状的术语并不标准化，而且经常相互矛盾，部分原因是它不能代表分类群之间的同源结构。对性状同源性的错误解释可能会在系统发育分析中引入错误，这些错误涉及到避日目和螯肢目之间的关系。这一贡献提出了第一个全面的分析，cheliceral形态在整个顺序Solifugae，其目的是提供一个广泛的调查solifuge系统学的cheliceral字符，识别和重新解释结构的基础上，初级同源性，修订的术语，以符合同源性假说，并提供一个指南，在文献中的术语同义词和字符解释。在188个示范种（占总数的17%），代表所有12个避土科，19个亚科中的17个，64个属（占总数的46%），并在整个命令的cheliceral形态的变化范围进行了研究。共记录157种，隶属于17亚科49属。字符转换的假设，特别是关于男性鞭毛，和一个标准化的术语，提出。的功能形态的chelicorphies进行了讨论，并强调在交配行为的雄性chelicorphies的性二态修改的作用。修订后的术语，主要同源性的假设的基础上，将有利于solifuge修订系统学，并提供了一个更强的基础，重建系统发育关系的顺序Solifugae和测试的系统发育位置的顺序内Chelicerata。
ABSTRACT Arachnids of the order Solifugae (solifuges, false spiders, sun spiders, camel spiders, Walzenspinne, wind spiders) possess the largest jaws for body size among the Chelicerata. The chelicerae provide the most important character systems for solifuge systematics, including dentition and the male cheliceral flagellum, both used extensively for species delimitation and diagnosis. However, the terminology used for cheliceral characters is not standardized and often contradictory, in part because it fails to represent homologous structures among taxa. Misinterpretation of character homology may introduce errors in phylogenetic analyses concerning relationships within Solifugae and among the orders of Chelicerata. This contribution presents the first comprehensive analysis of cheliceral morphology across the order Solifugae, the aims of which were to provide a broad survey of cheliceral characters for solifuge systematics, to identify and reinterpret structures based on primary homology, to revise the terminology to be consistent with homology hypotheses, and to provide a guide to terminological synonyms and character interpretations in the literature. Chelicerae were studied in 188 exemplar species (17% of the total), representing all 12 solifuge families, 17 of the 19 subfamilies, 64 genera (46% of the total), and the full range of variation in cheliceral morphology across the order. In total, 157 species representing 49 genera and 17 subfamilies are illustrated. Hypotheses of character transformation, particularly concerning the male flagellum, and a standardized terminology, are presented. The functional morphology of the chelicerae is discussed and the role of sexually dimorphic modifications to the male chelicerae in mating behavior emphasized. The revised terminology, based on hypotheses of primary homology, will facilitate solifuge revisionary systematics and provide a stronger basis for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships within the order Solifugae and testing the phylogenetic position of the order within Chelicerata.