Do capuchins (Sapajus apella) know how well they will remember? Analysis of delay length-dependency with memory strategies.
Do capuchins (Sapajus apella) know how well they will remember? Analysis of delay length-dependency with memory strategies.
复制标题
卷尾猴 (Sapajus apella) 知道它们的记忆力有多好吗？
DOI：
10.1037/com0000164
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Fujita Kazuo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kishimoto Reiki;Iwasaki Sumie;Fujita Kazuo
基于所需的认知资源合理地改变信息处理允许在认知简约方面进行适应。一些物种已经被证明使用记忆获取和提取之间的时间间隔作为记忆控制的线索，并在涉及较低认知成本的情况下选择性地进行主动记忆。然而，很少有研究表明，在记忆的不同阶段，信号延迟长度是否会对记忆产生不同的影响。在本研究中与簇绒卷尾猴（Sapajus apella），我们添加了视觉线索信号即将到来的延迟长度延迟匹配到样本的任务，使猴子被告知多长时间的信息应保持在不同的点在样品或样品后的条件。我们调查了猴子是否改变了他们的信息处理取决于他们的预期即将到来的延迟长度和编码是否可控（4秒与16秒，实验1）。结果表明，两只猴子根据编码是否可控而表现出不同的模式，而第三只猴子从未改变过她的策略。以下使用较短延迟的实验表明，一只猴子在实验中表现出类似的模式，根据相对任务难度（1秒对8秒，实验2）提供了认知灵活性的有力证据。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，卷尾猴采取两种策略，这取决于实验的背景下，即花费较少的资源相对困难的试验和/或保持其处理风格，而不管延迟。他们节省认知成本的策略可能反映了一种控制记忆形成的心理功能，无论是前瞻性的还是回顾性的。
Flexibly changing information processing based on required cognitive resources allows adaptation in terms of cognitive parsimony. Several species have been shown to use temporal durations between memory acquisition and retrieval as a cue for memory-controlling and to engage selectively in active memorization in situations involving lower cognitive cost. However, few studies have addressed whether signaling delay length at different stages of memory affects memorization differently. In the present study with tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella), we added visual cues signaling upcoming delay length to a delayed matching-to-sample task, so that the monkeys were informed about how long information should be maintained at different points during with-sample or after-sample conditions. We investigated whether the monkeys changed their information processing depending on their expectation of the upcoming delay length and on whether encoding was controllable (4 s vs. 16 s, Experiment 1). The results indicate that two monkeys showed different patterns depending on whether encoding was controllable, whereas the third monkey never changed her strategy. The following experiment using shorter delays showed that one monkey showed a similar pattern across experiments, providing robust evidence for cognitive flexibility in accordance with relative task difficulty (1 s vs. 8 s, Experiment 2). Overall, our results suggest that capuchins adopt two kinds of strategies depending on the experimental context, that is, expending fewer resources on relatively difficult trials and/or maintaining their processing style irrespective of delays. Their strategies aiming at saving cognitive costs may reflect a psychological function to control memory formation either prospectively or retrospectively.