Revisiting the Cause of the 1989-2009 Arctic Surface Warming Using the Surface Energy Budget: Downward Infrared Radiation Dominates the Surface Fluxes
Revisiting the Cause of the 1989-2009 Arctic Surface Warming Using the Surface Energy Budget: Downward Infrared Radiation Dominates the Surface Fluxes
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DOI：
10.1002/2017gl075375
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发表时间：
2017-10-28
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Simmonds, Ian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, Sukyoung;Gong, Tingting;Simmonds, Ian
北极变暖的速度比其他地方快，尤其是在寒冷的季节。根据主导理论，冰反照率反馈在夏季使北冰洋变暖，而海洋获得的热量在冬季释放，导致冷季变暖。 Screen 和 Simmonds (2010; SS10) 通过比较地表空气温度 (SAT)、地表湍流热通量 (HF) 和净地表红外辐射 (IR) 的趋势模式得出结论，该理论是正确的。然而，在这个比较中，使用向下的IR更合适。通过使用表面能量预算分析 SS10 中使用的相同数据，此处显示，在北极大部分地区，皮肤温度趋势（与 SAT 趋势非常相似）主要是由下降的 IR 趋势而非 HF 趋势造成的。 通俗易懂的语言摘要 北极的变暖速度比其他地方快，尤其是在秋季和冬季。根据主导理论，冰反照率反馈在夏季使北冰洋变暖，而海洋获得的热量在秋季和冬季释放，导致这些季节变暖。与这一理论不同的是，这里表明，在北极的大部分地区，表层温度趋势与 SAT 趋势非常相似，主要是由向下的红外辐射而不是海洋到大气的热通量趋势造成的。
The Arctic has been warming faster than elsewhere, especially during the cold season. According to the leading theory, ice-albedo feedback warms the Arctic Ocean during the summer, and the heat gained by the ocean is released during the winter, causing the cold-season warming. Screen and Simmonds (2010; SS10) concluded that the theory is correct by comparing trend patterns in surface air temperature (SAT), surface turbulence heat flux (HF), and net surface infrared radiation (IR). However, in this comparison, downward IR is more appropriate to use. By analyzing the same data used in SS10 using the surface energy budget, it is shown here that over most of the Arctic the skin temperature trend, which closely resembles the SAT trend, is largely accounted for by the downward IR, not the HF, trend.Plain Language Summary The Arctic has been warming faster than elsewhere, especially during the fall and winter. According to the leading theory, ice-albedo feedback warms the Arctic Ocean during the summer, and the heat gained by the ocean is released during the fall and winter, causing warming in these seasons. Deviating from this theory, it is shown here that over most of the Arctic, the skin temperature trend, which closely resembles the SAT trend, is largely accounted for by the downward infrared radiation, not the ocean-to-atmosphere heat flux, trend.