What does distractibility in ADHD reveal about mechanisms for top-down attentional control?
What does distractibility in ADHD reveal about mechanisms for top-down attentional control?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2009.11.013
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Ungerleider, Leslie G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Friedman-Hill, Stacia R.;Wagman, Meryl R.;Ungerleider, Leslie G.
在这项研究中，我们试图澄清ADHD的注意力分散是否可能来自感官驱动干扰的增加，还是来自低效的自上而下控制。我们采用了一种注意过滤范式，其中识别难度和分心物显著性（图像“灰色化”的数量）是参数化操纵的。辨别难度的增加会增加自上而下过程的负荷，而干扰物显著性的增加会产生更强的感觉干扰。我们发现了一个意想不到的相互作用的辨别困难和干扰显著。对于困难的辨别，ADHD儿童过滤干扰物的效率与健康儿童和成人一样高；正如预期的那样，所有三组对高显著性干扰物和低显著性干扰物的反应都较慢。相比之下，对于简单的区分，组间差异明显：多动症儿童比健康儿童或成人慢得多，犯的错误也更多。对于简单的区分，健康儿童和成人过滤掉高显著性干扰物和低显著性干扰物一样容易，但ADHD儿童对低显著性干扰物的反应要慢于对高显著性干扰物的反应。这些来自多动症儿童小样本的初步结果对注意力控制模型及其可能出现故障的方式具有启示意义。ADHD儿童在任务要求高时表现出有效的注意力过滤，但在任务要求低时表现出缺乏和非典型的分心物过滤，这一事实表明ADHD儿童的注意力缺陷可能源于未能有效地参与自上而下的控制，而不是无法在感觉加工区域进行过滤。Elsevier B.V.出版
In this study, we attempted to clarify whether distractibility in ADHD might arise from increased sensory-driven interference or from inefficient top-down control. We employed an attentional filtering paradigm in which discrimination difficulty and distractor salience (amount of image "graying") were parametrically manipulated. Increased discrimination difficulty should add to the load of top-down processes, whereas increased distractor salience should produce stronger sensory interference. We found an unexpected interaction of discrimination difficulty and distractor salience. For difficult discriminations, ADHD children filtered distractors as efficiently as healthy children and adults; as expected, all three groups were slower to respond with high vs. low salience distractors. In contrast, for easy discriminations, robust between-group differences emerged: ADHD children were much slower and made more errors than either healthy children or adults. For easy discriminations, healthy children and adults filtered out high salience distractors as easily as low salience distractors, but ADHD children were slower to respond on trials with low salience distractors than they did on trials with high salience distractors. These initial results from a small sample of ADHD children have implications for models of attentional control, and ways in which it can malfunction. The fact that ADHD children exhibited efficient attentional filtering when task demands were high, but showed deficient and atypical distractor filtering under low task demands suggests that attention deficits in ADHD may stem from a failure to efficiently engage top-down control rather than an inability to implement filtering in sensory processing regions. Published by Elsevier B.V.