Improving contingency management programs for addiction
Improving contingency management programs for addiction
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.addbeh.2003.08.021
复制
发表时间：
2004-05-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Iguchi, MY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lamb, RJ;Kirby, KC;Iguchi, MY
应急管理干预措施有效地减少或消除了一些个人的问题物质使用。通常情况下，那些没有受益的人永远不会体验到通过干预获得的奖励或有计划的意外情况，因为他们从来没有产生过奖励所依赖的行为(通常是禁欲)。通过两个类似的研究，我们检验了当应急管理干预措施以提高所有参与者体验可用奖励的可能性的方式安排时，应急管理干预的有效性是否提高。参与者是不打算戒烟的吸烟者。在研究1中，吸烟者连续5天每天获得0、1、3、10或30美元的报酬，因为他们的呼气一氧化碳(CO)水平低于或等于基线水平的中位数的4ppm或低于中位数的一半。更高的支付金额和更容易的目标标准导致参与者达到标准的可能性更高。然而，一旦参与者达到4ppm的标准，即使没有为降低呼气CO水平付费，他们也经常保持这种行为。基于这些结果，一个无效的应急管理系统变得有效。研究2检验了百分位数时间表在降低呼气CO水平方面的有效性。百分位数的时间表形成了较低的呼气CO水平。百分位数时间表在治疗寻求者身上测试了在塑造禁欲方面的有效性，并发现百分位数时间表在塑造禁欲方面是有效的。(C)2003爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Contingency management interventions effectively reduce or eliminate some individuals' problem substance use. Typically, those who do not benefit never experience the reward or planned contingency available through the intervention because they never produce the behavior (often abstinence) on which the reward is contingent. With two analog studies, we examine whether the effectiveness contingency management interventions improves when contingencies are arranged in ways that improve the likelihood of all participants experiencing the available reward. Participants were smokers not planning to quit. In Study 1, smokers were paid $0, 1, 3, 10, or 30 each day for 5 days for delivery of breath carbon monoxide (CO) levels either less than or equal to4 ppm or below half the median of their baseline levels. Higher payment amounts and the easier target criterion resulted in a higher likelihood of participants meeting criterion. Once participants met the 4 ppm criterion, however, they often maintained this behavior even in the absence of payments for reduced breath CO levels. An ineffective contingency management system was made effective based on these results. Study 2 examined the effectiveness of percentile schedules at reducing breath CO levels. Percentile schedules shaped lower breath CO levels. The effectiveness of percentile schedules in shaping abstinence was tested in treatment seekers, and percentile schedules were found to be effective at shaping abstinence. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.