Applying Corporate Political Activity ( CPA) analysis to Australian gambling industry submissions against regulation of television sports betting advertising
Applying Corporate Political Activity ( CPA) analysis to Australian gambling industry submissions against regulation of television sports betting advertising
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0205654
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发表时间：
2018-10-16
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Martino, Florentine Petronella
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hancock, Linda;Ralph, Natalie;Martino, Florentine Petronella
目的本研究旨在评估企业政治活动(CPA)分析在赌博行业的应用，该分析以前是从公共卫生研究中开发的，涉及烟草行业与政治机构的互动，以前应用于酒精行业，但不适用于赌博行业。背景越来越多的文献证实，公共利益结果如何经常受到既得利益者的反对。这项研究的重点是博彩业向2013年澳大利亚议会对体育博彩广告的调查提交的材料。在2008年澳大利亚高等法院对必发案提出质疑后，澳大利亚放松了对体育博彩广告的监管，博彩广告变得极具争议性。在儿童观看体育赛事转播期间以及在新的互动技术上，赌博广告的急剧增加引发了公众的担忧。随后进行了一系列国家监管审查，博彩业积极参与反对进一步监管。方法该研究使用了由英国烟草公共卫生研究人员开发的企业政治活动(CPA)分析框架，该框架确定了烟草行业在国际上使用的战略和策略，以促成支持烟草的公共政策结果。对CPA框架在博彩业亲行业战略/战术中的应用进行了测试，研究重点是博彩业向2013年澳大利亚议会委员会调查提交的文件。结果与烟草行业一样，研究发现博彩业使用了已确定的战略和战术、一些新策略和新战略--“企业社会责任”，促进“负责任”的行业实践，并先发制人地建立内部“责任”单位/实践。尽管公众对体育博彩广告感到担忧，但博彩业强化了对危害的个人选择/指责，并声称自己的行为是负责任的。它使用了烟草行业CPA框架中确定的战略：信息战略(和塑造证据基础)；金融激励战略；选民建立战略；政策替代战略；法律战略；以及选民碎片化和不稳定战略。结论与适用于烟酒行业的CPA分析类似，研究证明了CPA分类在分析和记录先发制人的行业政策战略和策略方面的有效性，暴露了博彩业通过自愿代码维持行业自律和避免更多政府监管的努力。该框架的跨部门应用表明，政策制定者和公共卫生倡导者将CPA用作分析公司行业论点/论述的工具的潜力很大。
AimsThis research aimed to assess the application to the gambling industry, of Corporate Political Activity (CPA) analysis previously developed from public health research on tobacco industry interactions with political institutions and previously applied to the alcohol industry, but not the gambling industry.BackgroundA growing body of literature has confirmed how public interest outcomes are frequently opposed by vested interests. This research focused on gambling industry submissions to a 2013 Australian Parliamentary inquiry into sports betting advertising. Gambling advertising became highly controversial following deregulation of sports betting advertising in Australia subsequent to the 2008 Australian High Court Betfair challenge. The dramatic increase in gambling advertising during sporting event broadcasts at children's viewing times and on new interactive technology, sparked public concerns. A series of national regulatory reviews followed and the gambling industry was actively involved in opposing further regulation.MethodThe research used a corporate political activity (CPA) framework of analysis developed by UK tobacco public health researchers, which identified strategies and tactics used internationally by the tobacco industry, to broker pro-tobacco public policy outcomes. Testing the application of this CPA framework to gambling pro-industry strategies/tactics, this research focused on gambling industry submissions to the 2013 Australian Parliamentary Committee Inquiry.ResultsLike the tobacco industry, the research found the gambling industry used identified strategies and tactics, some new tactics and a new strategy of 'Corporate Social Responsibility', promoting 'responsible' industry practices and pre-emptive establishment of internal 'responsibility' units/practices. Despite public concerns regarding sports betting advertising, the gambling industry reinforced individual choice/blame for harms and claimed it acted responsibly. It did this using strategies identified in the tobacco industry CPA framework: information strategy (and shaping the evidence base); financial incentive strategy; constituency building strategy; policy substitution strategy; legal strategy; and constituency fragmentation and destabilization strategy.ConclusionSimilar to the CPA analysis applied to tobacco and alcohol industries, the research demonstrated the usefulness of the CPA taxonomy for analyzing and documenting pre-emptive industry policy strategies and tactics, exposing gambling industry efforts to maintain industry self-regulation via voluntary codes and avoid more government regulation. Cross-sectoral application of the framework signals great potential for use of CPA by policymakers and public health advocates as a tool in the analysis of corporate industry arguments/discourses.