A nation-wide survey on emotional and psychological impacts of COVID-19 social distancing
A nation-wide survey on emotional and psychological impacts of COVID-19 social distancing
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DOI：
10.26355/eurrev_202006_21711
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Palomba, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cerbara, L.;Ciancimino, G.;Palomba, R.
目的：为了拉平COVID-19病毒传播曲线，保持社交距离至关重要。与世隔绝、资源匮乏和缺乏社会联系可能对人们的情绪和心理健康产生负面影响。本研究旨在探讨社交距离对被封锁者产生负面情绪的原因和途径。在更大程度上，目的是检查消极情绪与满足基本需求之间是否存在关系。材料与方法：在意大利，从2020年3月22日至4月2日收集了140，656个在线访谈。采用单变量和双变量统计分析、K均值聚类和主成分分析（PCA）进行数据分析。识别的六个集群的参数是：强度的受访者的基本情绪和马斯洛的层次结构的needs.RESULTS：大多数人参与的紧急情况下，这意味着崩溃的社会接触，经历某种情绪反应。在我们的研究中，我们发现了基本情绪和马斯洛需求层次之间的相关性。在危机时期，最基本的需求是生理需求。恐惧、愤怒和悲伤在所有人群中占主导地位;愤怒和厌恶主要出现在人们面临无法满足生存需求的风险时，从而感到缺乏经济安全感。结论：众所周知的马斯洛人类需求理论似乎很适合COVID-19背景下的负面情绪爆发。本研究证明了负面情绪和初级需求之间存在联系，主要是指马斯洛金字塔的前三个层次。由于COVID-19全球大流行，许多人被卷入金字塔的底层。个人基本需求的这种变化引发了个人情绪状态的相关转变，并转向负面情绪。
OBJECTIVE: Social distancing is crucial in order to flatten the curve of COVID-19 virus spreading. Isolation, scarcity of resources and the lack of social contacts may have produced a negative impact on people's emotions and psychological well-being. This study aims to explore the reasons and the ways through which social distancing generates negative emotions in individuals who experienced the lockdown. To a larger extent, the objective is to check the existence of relations between negative emotions and the satisfaction of basic needs.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In Italy 140,656 online interviews were collected from March 22 to April 2, 2020. Data analysis was carried out using mono and bivariate statistical analysis, K-means clustering and the Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The parameters for the identification of six clusters were: the intensity of the respondent's basic emotions and the layers of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.RESULTS: The majority of people involved in an emergency situation, implying a collapse of social contacts, experience some kind of emotional reactions. In our study, we found a correlation between basic emotions and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. In times of crisis, the most basic needs are the physiological ones. Fear, anger and sadness are predominant in all population groups; anger and disgust mainly appear when people are exposed to the risk of not being able to meet subsistence needs, thus perceiving a lack of economic security.CONCLUSIONS: The well-known Maslow's theory of human needs seems to fit well with the outbreak of negative emotions in the context of COVID-19. This study demonstrates the existence of links between negative emotions and primary needs that mainly refer to the first three levels of Maslow's pyramid. As a result of COVID-19 worldwide pandemic, many people have been sucked into the bottom layers of the pyramid. This change in individual basic needs has triggered a relevant transformation in individual emotional status and a shift towards negative emotions.