X-ray particle tracking velocimetry in liquid foam flow.
X-ray particle tracking velocimetry in liquid foam flow.
复制标题
液体泡沫流中的 X 射线粒子追踪测速
作者：
Lappan;Schwab;Eckert;Eckert;Heitkam
在这项工作中，我们介绍了一种新的方法来测量液体泡沫的流速，通过跟踪定制的3D打印示踪剂在X射线摄影。与扁平泡孔中泡沫流动的光学观察相反，测量深度在X射线束方向上等于100 mm。毫米尺寸和四脚形状的轻质示踪剂是通过选择性激光熔化由不锈钢粉末增材制造的。与泡沫结构和气泡尺寸相匹配，这些示踪剂跟随泡沫流动。X射线束穿过射线可透过的泡沫通道，并由X射线图像增强器检测。X射线透射图像显示不透射线示踪剂的二维投影。利用粒子跟踪测速算法，示踪剂轨迹测量具有高的空间（0.2毫米）和时间（25帧/秒）的分辨率。研究了矩形截面局部弯曲通道中不同流速的细、粗液泡流动。同时时间分辨测量示踪剂的平移运动和它们的内在旋转揭示了泡沫流的局部速度和涡度。在半圆形弯曲流道截面上，研究了类刚体流动的流型。此外，还观察到直线段和曲线段之间的过渡区泡沫结构的松弛。
In this work, we introduce a novel approach to measure the flow velocity of liquid foam by tracking custom-tailored 3D-printed tracers in X-ray radiography. In contrast to optical observations of foam flow in flat cells, the measurement depth equals 100 mm in the X-ray beam direction. Light-weight tracers of millimetric size and tetrapod-inspired shape are additively manufactured from stainless steel powder by selective laser melting. Matching with the foam structure and bubble size, these tracers follow the foam flow. An X-ray beam passes through the radiotransparent foam channel and is detected by an X-ray image intensifier. The X-ray transmission images show the two-dimensional projections of the radiopaque tracers. Utilizing particle tracking velocimetry algorithms, the tracer trajectories are measured with both high spatial (0.2 mm) and temporal (25 fps) resolution. Fine and coarse liquid foam flow of different velocities are studied in a partly curved channel with rectangular cross section. The simultaneous time-resolved measurements of the tracers’ translational motion and their intrinsic rotation reveal both the local velocity and vorticity of the foam flow. In the semi-circular curved channel section, the rigid-body-like flow pattern is investigated. Moreover, a relaxation of the foam structure in the transition zone between straight and curved section is observed.
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