Hydrodynamic storm surge model simplification via application of land to water isopleths in coastal Louisiana
Hydrodynamic storm surge model simplification via application of land to water isopleths in coastal Louisiana
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DOI：
10.1016/j.coastaleng.2018.03.006
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发表时间：
2018-07
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
C. Siverd;S. Hagen;M. Bilskie;D. Braud;R. Hampton Peele;R. Twilley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Siverd;S. Hagen;M. Bilskie;D. Braud;R. Hampton Peele;R. Twilley
密西西比河三角洲是世界第七大三角洲。它为路易斯安那州的海鲜产业提供了栖息地，为美国15个最大货运港口中的5个提供了航运运河和河流，为沿海城市和石油天然气工业基础设施提供了飓风风暴潮保护，促进了90%的外大陆石油和天然气开采。由于自1900年以来沿海湿地的大量丧失，这些工业和基础设施受到破坏的风险随着时间的推移而增加。这项研究的目标是开发一种方法来分析沿海灾害的历史和未来的演变，如飓风风暴潮，在一个复杂的，低洼的沿海景观。为了完成这一任务，海岸灾害的变化进行了分析，通过历史变化的滨海湿地。具体而言，等值线，定义为一个给定的变量的恒定值的地图上的线，开发来描述土地的比例恒定值的地区，水（L：W）在沿海Louisiana.In此分析中，开发的方法，利用土地水（L：W）等值线，以简化现代路易斯安那州沿海景观中表示的一个国家的最先进的高分辨率风暴潮模型。L：W等值线是为2010年得出的，并用于构建36个风暴潮模型，每个模型都具有三个不同的海岸带的变化：“高”（即高湿地），“中间”（即湿地），和“淹没”（即开放水域和湿地之间的区域）。ADVANCED CIRCULATION（ADCIRC）代码用于计算每个模型的水面高程和受飓风丽塔、古斯塔夫和卡特里娜的飓风风和压力影响的深度平均海流。在水文单元规范流域（HUC 12）中，对高分辨率风暴潮模型和简化海岸模型的峰值水位和淹没量进行了量化比较，结果表明，L：W等值线排列为99%-90%-40%-1%，区域标记为“高”（99%-90%）、“中等”（90%-40%）和“淹没”（40%-1%）时，模拟的风暴潮最接近高分辨率风暴潮模型。模拟结果表明，在这种分析中开发的方法是有效的，在识别等值线排列，准确地简化了高分辨率风暴潮模式。这一结果可能会导致未来的分析风暴潮衰减的历史演变在密西西比河三角洲（MRD）以及其他复杂的，低洼的三角洲。这些可能性包括开发1930年和1970年的风暴潮模型，例如，使用相同的等值线排列来检查风暴潮衰减随时间的变化。这种分析也可以应用于其他类似的低洼沿海地区，对沿海灾害的演变进行过去和未来的分析。
The Mississippi River Delta ranks the seventh largest delta in the world. It provides a habitat for the Louisiana seafood industry, navigation canals and rivers that support five of the 15 largest cargo ports by volume in the United States, and hurricane storm surge protection for coastal cities and oil and gas industry infrastructure that facilitates 90% of the outer continental oil and gas extraction. Due to substantial coastal wetland loss since 1900, the risk of damage to these industries and infrastructure has increased through time. The goal of this research is to develop a methodology to analyze the historical and future evolution of coastal hazards, such as hurricane storm surge, across a complex, low-lying coastal landscape. To accomplish this task, the change in coastal hazards is analyzed through historical changes in coastal wetlands. Specifically, isopleths, defined as lines on a map indicating a constant value of a given variable, are developed to describe areas of constant values of the ratio of land to water (L:W) across coastal Louisiana.In this analysis, a methodology is developed that utilizes land to water (L:W) isopleths to simplify the modern day Louisiana coastal landscape as represented in a state-of-the-art high resolution storm surge model. L:W isopleths are derived for the year 2010 and used to construct 36 storm surge models, each featuring variations of three distinct coastal zones: “High” (i.e. high wetland), “Intermediate” (i.e. wetland), and “Submersed” (i.e. region between open water and wetland). The ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) code is used to compute water surface elevations and depth-averaged currents forced by hurricane wind and pressures from Hurricanes Rita, Gustav, and Katrina for each model. Peak water levels and volume of inundation are quantified within hydrologic unit code watersheds (HUC12) in order to compare storm surge models featuring high resolution and simplified coastal landscapes.A L:W isopleth permutation of 99%–90%–40%–1% with areas labeled “High” (99%–90%), “Intermediate” (90%–40%) and “Submersed” (40%–1%) is found to best represent simulated storm surge that most closely reproduces the high resolution storm surge model. Simulation results reveal the methodology developed in this analysis is effective in identifying an isopleth permutation that accurately simplifies a high resolution storm surge model. This result may lead to future analyses of the historical evolution of storm surge attenuation in the Mississippi River Delta (MRD) as well as other complex, low-lying deltas. These possibilities include developing storm surge models for the years 1930 and 1970, for instance, with the same isopleth permutation to examine the changes in storm surge attenuation through time. This analysis could also be applied in other similar low-lying coastal regions to conduct past and future analyses of the evolution of coastal hazards.