Electrophysiological correlates of voice memory for young and old speakers in young and old listeners
Electrophysiological correlates of voice memory for young and old speakers in young and old listeners
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.08.011
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发表时间：
2017-08
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Romi Zäske;Katharina Limbach;D. Schneider;Verena G. Skuk;C. Dobel;O. Guntinas-Lichius;S. Schweinberger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Romi Zäske;Katharina Limbach;D. Schneider;Verena G. Skuk;C. Dobel;O. Guntinas-Lichius;S. Schweinberger
自己年龄组的面孔比其他年龄组的面孔更容易辨认。本研究采用行为测量和脑电图研究了声音记忆中是否也存在自身年龄偏向。年轻（19 - 26岁）和老年（60-75岁）的参与者研究了年轻（18-25岁）和老年（60-77岁）从短句中不熟悉的声音。随后，他们从相同的句子中将研究过的和新的声音分为“旧”（即研究过的）或“新”。年轻人的识别性能高于老年人，老年人的识别性能高于年轻人，没有OAB。与此同时，我们发现，无论是在声学测量还是主观评级（与评级者年龄无关）方面，老年人的声音都比年轻人的声音具有更高的独特性。事件相关脑电位（ERP）的分析表明，与年轻参与者的年轻声音相比，老年人的负向偏转（400-1000 ms）更多。在老年参与者中，我们观察到了一种反向的旧/新记忆效应，与所研究的老年人（但不是年轻人）声音（400-1000 ms）相比，新声音的整体振幅更大。时间-频率分析显示，年轻人的β功率（16-26 Hz）低于左前部位的老年人声音，并且左后部位（300-900 ms）正确识别的研究（与新声音相比）声音的β功率也降低。这些研究结果可能表明，在一项强调个体声学特征分析的任务中，从大约300毫秒开始的刺激特异性回忆过程中，皮质区的参与。
Faces of one's own-age group are easier to recognize than other-age faces. Using behavioral measures and EEG, we studied whether an own-age bias (OAB) also exists in voice memory. Young (19 - 26 years) and old (60–75 years) participants studied young (18–25 years) and old (60–77 years) unfamiliar voices from short sentences. Subsequently, they classified studied and novel voices as “old” (i.e. studied) or “new”, from the same sentences. Recognition performance was higher in young compared to old participants, and for old compared to young voices, with no OAB. At the same time, we found evidence for higher distinctiveness of old compared to young voices, both in terms of acoustic measures and subjective ratings (independent of rater age). Analyses of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) indicated more negative-going deflections (400–1000 ms) for old compared to young voices in young participants. In old participants, we observed a reversed OLD/NEW memory effect, with overall more positive amplitudes for novel compared to studied old (but not young) voices (400–1000 ms). Time-frequency analyses revealed less beta power (16–26 Hz) for young compared to old voices at left anterior sites, and also reduced beta power for correctly recognized studied (compared to novel) voices at left posterior sites (300–900 ms). These findings could suggest an engagement of cortical areas during stimulus-specific recollection from about 300 ms, in a task that emphasized the analysis of individual acoustic features.