MR-Based Assessment of Bone Marrow Fat in Osteoporosis, Diabetes, and Obesity.
MR-Based Assessment of Bone Marrow Fat in Osteoporosis, Diabetes, and Obesity.
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DOI：
10.3389/fendo.2016.00074
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Karampinos DC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cordes C;Baum T;Dieckmeyer M;Ruschke S;Diefenbach MN;Hauner H;Kirschke JS;Karampinos DC
骨由矿化成分(即皮质和骨小梁)和非矿化成分(即骨髓)组成。大多数常规的临床骨成像使用基于X射线的技术，并侧重于矿化成分。然而，骨髓肥胖症也被证明与骨骼健康有很强的联系。具体地说，先前的多项研究表明，骨髓脂肪含量(BMFF)与骨密度之间存在负相关。磁共振成像(MRI)和磁共振波谱(MRS)是非侵入性研究骨髓脂肪特性的理想成像技术。在目前的工作中，我们首先回顾了最重要的评估骨髓脂肪特性的MRI和MRS方法，包括测量BMFF和骨髓脂肪酸组成参数的方法。然后回顾了以前在骨质疏松症背景下测量BMFF和脂肪不饱和度的MRI和MRS研究。最后，对肥胖和2型糖尿病患者的骨髓脂肪、其他脂肪储备和骨健康的关系进行了先前的研究。总之，MRI和MRS是测量骨质疏松症、肥胖症和2型糖尿病患者骨髓脂肪特性的强大的非侵入性技术，可以帮助未来研究上述临床情景下骨骼变化的病理生理学。
Bone consists of the mineralized component (i.e., cortex and trabeculae) and the non-mineralized component (i.e., bone marrow). Most of the routine clinical bone imaging uses X-ray-based techniques and focuses on the mineralized component. However, bone marrow adiposity has been also shown to have a strong linkage with bone health. Specifically, multiple previous studies have demonstrated a negative association between bone marrow fat fraction (BMFF) and bone mineral density. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are ideal imaging techniques for non-invasively investigating the properties of bone marrow fat. In the present work, we first review the most important MRI and MRS methods for assessing properties of bone marrow fat, including methodologies for measuring BMFF and bone marrow fatty acid composition parameters. Previous MRI and MRS studies measuring BMFF and fat unsaturation in the context of osteoporosis are then reviewed. Finally, previous studies investigating the relationship between bone marrow fat, other fat depots, and bone health in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes are presented. In summary, MRI and MRS are powerful non-invasive techniques for measuring properties of bone marrow fat in osteoporosis, obesity, and type 2 diabetes and can assist in future studies investigating the pathophysiology of bone changes in the above clinical scenarios.