Population-wide distributions of neural activity during perceptual decision-making.
Population-wide distributions of neural activity during perceptual decision-making.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.09.004
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发表时间：
2013-04
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Machens CK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wohrer A;Humphries MD;Machens CK
皮层活动涉及大量的神经元，即使它仅限于功能一致的区域。另一方面，即使使用现代技术，电生理记录也涉及相对较小的神经系统。在这里，我们回顾的结果已经开始填补这两个尺度之间的差距调查，在大量细胞的活动的统计分布的光。我们把我们的主要重点放在记录的数据清醒的动物，执行简单的决策任务，并考虑整个皮层的统计分布活动，跨越感觉，联想和运动区域。我们横向回顾了这些分布的复杂性，从发射率的分布和峰列结构的度量，到对刺激或动作的调谐分布和选择信号的分布，最后是神经种群活动的动态演变和（成对）神经相互作用的分布。这种方法揭示了跨皮层统计组织的共同模式，包括：(i)活动的长尾分布，其中准沉默似乎是大多数神经元的规则；几乎无法区分自发状态和主动状态；（ii）感觉（和运动）变量的调谐参数分布，在外围表现出广泛的外推和碎片化；（iii）揭示内部表征随时间旋转的整体动态，其痕迹可以在刺激驱动和内部生成的活动中找到。我们讨论了这些见解如何引导我们远离细胞离散分类的概念，并在皮层组织和种群编码的理论和模型中发挥强大的约束作用。
Cortical activity involves large populations of neurons, even when it is limited to functionally coherent areas. Electrophysiological recordings, on the other hand, involve comparatively small neural ensembles, even when modern-day techniques are used. Here we review results which have started to fill the gap between these two scales of inquiry, by shedding light on the statistical distributions of activity in large populations of cells. We put our main focus on data recorded in awake animals that perform simple decision-making tasks and consider statistical distributions of activity throughout cortex, across sensory, associative, and motor areas. We transversally review the complexity of these distributions, from distributions of firing rates and metrics of spike-train structure, through distributions of tuning to stimuli or actions and of choice signals, and finally the dynamical evolution of neural population activity and the distributions of (pairwise) neural interactions. This approach reveals shared patterns of statistical organization across cortex, including: (i) long-tailed distributions of activity, where quasi-silence seems to be the rule for a majority of neurons; that are barely distinguishable between spontaneous and active states; (ii) distributions of tuning parameters for sensory (and motor) variables, which show an extensive extrapolation and fragmentation of their representations in the periphery; and (iii) population-wide dynamics that reveal rotations of internal representations over time, whose traces can be found both in stimulus-driven and internally generated activity. We discuss how these insights are leading us away from the notion of discrete classes of cells, and are acting as powerful constraints on theories and models of cortical organization and population coding.
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影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Beck JM;Ma WJ;Kiani R;Hanks T;Churchland AK;Roitman J;Shadlen MN;Latham PE;Pouget A
通讯作者：
Pouget A
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Barlow, H B
通讯作者：
Barlow, H B
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
AERTSEN, AMHJ;GERSTEIN, GL;PALM, G
通讯作者：
PALM, G
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Brody, CD
通讯作者：
Brody, CD
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Britten, KH;Newsome, WT;Movshon, JA
通讯作者：
Movshon, JA