Direct response of small non-glaciated headwater catchments to Late Quaternary climate change: The Valle de la Fueva, southern Pyrenees

Direct response of small non-glaciated headwater catchments to Late Quaternary climate change: The Valle de la Fueva, southern Pyrenees
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小型非冰川源头流域对晚第四纪气候变化的直接响应:比利牛斯山脉南部的 Valle de la Fueva

DOI:
10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.06.008
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Spiegel
Spiegel
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stange;Midtkandal;Nystuen;Spiegel

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山区的地形洼地起到沉积物陷阱的作用,其形态沉积档案为了解山脉的侵蚀和沉积动态提供了重要的见解。为了确定比利牛斯山脉中南部侵蚀阶段的(直接)驱动因素和时间安排,对高度侵蚀的 Valle de la Fueva 流域盆地中的小型非冰川源头流域的形态发育进行了研究。地貌测绘揭示了与 Valle de la Fueva 流域盆地发育相关的三种形态发育复合体:(i)高地的距骨高原和侧坡,(ii)广泛的冰川和山墙表面,以及(iii) 深切的沟壑和晚期河流切割的阶地。距骨斜坡是 Valle de la Fueva 保存最古老的地貌单元,可能代表了最初的流域盆地地形。距骨基岩和巨石暴露年龄集中在 21 至 4010Be-ka 之间,表明以碳酸盐为主的距骨表面在最后一个冰期周期(MIS 4-MIS 2)中得到了恢复。较年轻的形态发生复合体(ii,iii)指向连续的盆地侵蚀阶段,从寒冷气候条件下的扩散表面沉积(ii)到快速线性河流切割和晚期阶地形成(iii)。将山墙废弃表示为积极侵蚀的表面,10Be 冰川覆盖沉积物的深度剖面得出了一致的 MIS 2 晚期暴露年龄。山墙的废弃标志着全新世气候转变期间河流快速下切深谷的开始(iii),这涉及大量的沉积物路径和盆地规模侵蚀。较低的河流切割阶地表示强烈的流域侵蚀在14-8-10Be-ka左右结束,并在中晚全新世期间出现轻微的河流切割。这项研究表明,小型非冰川山区流域具有宝贵的高分辨率形态沉积档案,可用于评估主要气候转变对山区地表过程和景观转变的直接影响。量化(古)地表过程的时间和速率的改进对于增强可能受到时间平均偏差影响的区域冰川河流年代学和大规模盆地侵蚀模型至关重要。
Topographic depressions in mountain regions function as sediment traps and their morpho-sedimentary archives provide important insight into erosion and sediment dynamics in mountain ranges. In order to establish the (direct) drivers and timing of erosion phases in the southern central Pyrenees, small non-glaciated headwater catchments in the highly erodible Valle de la Fueva drainage basin were investigated as to their morphogenetic development.Geomorphic mapping revealed three morphogenetic complexes associated with the Valle de la Fueva drainage basin development: (i) high-lying talus plateaus and lateral slopes, (ii) extensive glacis and pedimentation surfaces, and (iii) deeply incised ravines with late-stage fluvial-cut terraces. The talus slopes are the oldest preserved geomorphic units of the Valle de la Fuevaand potentially denote the initial drainage basin topography. Talus bedrock and boulder exposure ages cluster yet between 21 and 4010Be-ka, indicating that the carbonate-dominated talus surfaces were rejuvenated during the last glacial cycle (MIS 4–MIS 2). The younger morphogenetic complexes (ii, iii) point to successive basin erosion stages from diffusive surface pedimentation under cold climate conditions (ii) to rapid linear fluvial dissection and late-stage terrace formation (iii). Denoting the abandonment of pediments as actively eroding surfaces,10Be depth profiles of glacis cover sediments yielded consistent late MIS 2 exposure ages. The abandoning of pediments marks the onset of rapid fluvial downcutting of deep ravines (iii) around the Holocene climate transition, which involved substantial sediment routing and basin scale erosion. Lower fluvial-cut terraces denote the termination of intense catchment erosion at around 14–8–10Be-ka and minor fluvial incision during Middle-Late Holocene.This research shows that small non-glaciated mountain catchments feature valuable high-resolution morpho-sedimentary archives that are useful for assessing the direct impact of major climate transitions on surface processes and landscape transformation in mountain regions. Improvements in quantifying the timing and rates of (paleo-) surface processes are vital for enhancing regional glaciofluvial chronologies and large-scale basin erosion models that are possibly afflicted with time-averaging biases.
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发表时间: 1992
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