Porosity-based heterojunctions enable leadless optoelectronic modulation of tissues
Porosity-based heterojunctions enable leadless optoelectronic modulation of tissues
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DOI：
10.1038/s41563-022-01249-7
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发表时间：
2022-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
41.2
通讯作者：
Rotenberg, Menahem Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Prominski, Aleksander;Shi, Jiuyun;Rotenberg, Menahem Y.
同质结和异质结在场效应晶体管、太阳能电池、光电探测器和发光二极管等基于半导体的器件中发挥着重要作用。半导体结最近已被用于通过光伏或光电化学机制光学触发生物调制。异质结的产生通常涉及具有不同掺杂或组成的材料，这导致高成本、复杂的制造和生物界面处的潜在副作用。在这里，我们表明，一个基于孔隙的异质结，在材料科学中很大程度上被忽视的系统，可以产生一个有效的光电化学响应从半导体表面。使用自限性染色蚀刻，我们在环境条件下在几秒钟内在p型硅中创建了纳米多孔/非多孔，软硬异质结。在表面氧化后，异质结在盐水中产生强烈的光电化学响应。在没有任何互连或金属修饰的情况下，异质结能够以与光遗传学相当的光功率和近红外能力对离体大鼠心脏和体内坐骨神经进行有效的非遗传光电刺激。半导体异质结的制造通常涉及复杂的过程，并且通常导致生物不相容性。在这里，作者提出了一种多孔异质结的p型硅通过简单的染色蚀刻在环境条件下，并将其应用于光诱导生物调节。
Homo- and heterojunctions play essential roles in semiconductor-based devices such as field-effect transistors, solar cells, photodetectors and light-emitting diodes. Semiconductor junctions have been recently used to optically trigger biological modulation via photovoltaic or photoelectrochemical mechanisms. The creation of heterojunctions typically involves materials with different doping or composition, which leads to high cost, complex fabrications and potential side effects at biointerfaces. Here we show that a porosity-based heterojunction, a largely overlooked system in materials science, can yield an efficient photoelectrochemical response from the semiconductor surface. Using self-limiting stain etching, we create a nanoporous/non-porous, soft-hard heterojunction in p-type silicon within seconds under ambient conditions. Upon surface oxidation, the heterojunction yields a strong photoelectrochemical response in saline. Without any interconnects or metal modifications, the heterojunction enables efficient non-genetic optoelectronic stimulation of isolated rat hearts ex vivo and sciatic nerves in vivo with optical power comparable to optogenetics, and with near-infrared capabilities.Fabrication of semiconductor heterojunctions typically involves a complex process and often leads to bioincompatibility. Here, the authors propose a porous heterojunction in p-type silicon via simple stain etching at ambient conditions, and apply it in optically induced biomodulation.