Public Health Challenges and Priorities for Kazakhstan
Public Health Challenges and Priorities for Kazakhstan
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DOI：
10.5195/cajgh.2012.30
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Allegrante, John P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aringazina, Altyn;Gulis, Gabriel;Allegrante, John P.
哈萨克斯坦共和国是中亚最大、增长最快的后苏联经济体之一。尽管最近为响应“哈萨克斯坦2030”和其他国家规定的政策改革而在医疗保健方面取得了进步，但哈萨克斯坦在健康和经济发展的关键指标上仍然落后于欧洲地区独立国家联合体的其他成员国。尽管心血管疾病是成年人死亡的主要原因，但艾滋病毒/艾滋病、结核病和血源性传染病日益引起公众健康关注。最近的数据表明，虽然哈萨克斯坦在人口健康状况的某些指标上有所改善，但许多环境和公共卫生挑战仍然存在。其中包括需要改善公共卫生基础设施、解决健康的社会决定因素以及实施更好的健康影响评估，为卫生政策和公共卫生实践提供信息。此外，1978年在哈萨克斯坦召开的国际初级卫生保健会议通过《阿拉木图宣言》，促进全民生活方式和行为改变，以减少慢性病、传染病和伤害的危险因素，三十多年来，该宣言仍然是新兴卫生保健改革和新公共卫生的高度优先事项。本文回顾了哈萨克斯坦当前面临的公共卫生挑战，并描述了哈萨克斯坦公共卫生学院目前正在制定和开展的公共卫生能力建设的五个优先事项，以加强该国和中亚地区的人口健康。
The Republic of Kazakhstan is one of the largest and fastest growing post-Soviet economies in Central Asia. Despite recent improvements in health care in response to Kazakhstan 2030 and other state-mandated policy reforms, Kazakhstan still lags behind other members of the Commonwealth of Independent States of the European Region on key indicators of health and economic development. Although cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality among adults, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and blood-borne infectious diseases are of increasing public health concern. Recent data suggest that while Kazakhstan has improved on some measures of population health status, many environmental and public health challenges remain. These include the need to improve public health infrastructure, address the social determinants of health, and implement better health impact assessments to inform health policies and public health practice. In addition, more than three decades after the Declaration of Alma-Ata, which was adopted at the International Conference on Primary Health Care convened in Kazakhstan in 1978, facilitating population-wide lifestyle and behavioral change to reduce risk factors for chronic and communicable diseases, as well as injuries, remains a high priority for emerging health care reforms and the new public health. This paper reviews the current public health challenges in Kazakhstan and describes five priorities for building public health capacity that are now being developed and undertaken at the Kazakhstan School of Public Health to strengthen population health in the country and the Central Asian Region.