Secure land tenure for urban slum-dwellers: A conjoint experiment in Kenya
Secure land tenure for urban slum-dwellers: A conjoint experiment in Kenya
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DOI：
10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.102048
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Mutinda, Mary
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kim, Hye-Sung;Yoon, Yong;Mutinda, Mary
直到最近，改善土地保有权保障一直是旨在改善城市贫民窟生活条件的贫民窟改造举措的一个组成部分。然而，关于贫民窟居民是否认为保有权保障得到改善的住房选择更可取，以及他们是否负担得起这些选择，经验证据有限。这项研究确定了改善土地保有权保障对贫民窟居民的偏好和负担得起替代性、升级住房选择的能力的因果影响。为此，它采用了一项联合实验，该实验嵌入了对来自内罗毕及其郊区五个城市贫民窟的3，715名答卷人的抽样民意调查。我们的实验有三个主要发现。首先，贫民窟居民在考虑居住地点时，更喜欢更有保障的土地保有权类型，而不是有争议的土地，但这一偏好取决于受访者的非正式定居、职业和在贫民窟居住的明确理由。第二，土地保有权保障的改善对贫民窟居民负担升级住房选择的能力几乎没有影响。相反，租金成本是决定负担能力的最重要因素。最后，贫民窟居民的偏好和负担能力往往并不重叠。例如，超过一半（56%）的受访者更喜欢更有保障的土地保有权类型（即所有权明确的土地）的住房选择，而不是有争议的土地。因此，仅靠改善土地保有权安全在帮助贫民窟居民过渡到生活条件得到改善的住房选择方面取得的成功有限。不应采取旨在改善土地保有权保障的一刀切的土地正规化政策，而应针对每个非正规住区专门制定政策，以满足其居民的独特需求和利益。
Until recently, improving land tenure security has been an integral part of slum upgrading initiatives aimed at improving living conditions in urban slums. However, there is limited empirical evidence on whether slum dwellers find housing options with improved tenure security preferable and whether they can afford such options. This study identifies the causal effects of improving land tenure security on slum dwellers' preferences and abilities to afford alternative, upgraded housing options. To this end, it employs a conjoint experiment embedded in a public opinion survey on a sample of 3,715 respondents from five urban slums in Nairobi and its outskirts. Our experiment has three main findings. First, slum dwellers prefer a more secure land tenure type rather than contested land when considering where to live, but this preference depends on the respondents' informal settlement, occupation, and stated reasons for living in the slum. Second, improvement of land tenure security has almost no influence on slum dwellers' abilities to afford upgraded housing options. Instead, the cost of rent is the most important factor determining affordability. Finally, slum dwellers' preferences and affordability frequently do not overlap. For instance, over half (56%) of the respondents who prefer the housing option with a more secure land tenure type-that is, land with clear ownership-over contested land are unable to afford it. Therefore, improving land tenure security alone will have limited success in helping slum dwellers transition to housing options with improved living conditions. Instead of one-size-fits-all land formalization policies aiming at improving land tenure security, policies should be designed specifically for each informal settlement to address its residents' unique needs and interests.