CHEMICAL NATURE OF BIOLUMINESCENCE SYSTEMS IN COELENTERATES
CHEMICAL NATURE OF BIOLUMINESCENCE SYSTEMS IN COELENTERATES
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.72.4.1546
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发表时间：
1975-01-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
JOHNSON, FH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
SHIMOMURA, O;JOHNSON, FH
对生物发光腔肠动物中发光反应所涉及的物质的分析已经揭示了初始反应物的结构特征的明显均匀性，即，“发光蛋白”和发光蛋白发色团，以及发光产物。该产品在不同种类的腔肠动物中结构相同：水螅虫（水母，Aequorea），珊瑚虫（海仙人掌，Cavernularia;海三色堇，Renilla;和海笔，Leioptilus），并且很可能也是Scyphozoa（水母，Pelagia）。在这些情况中的每一种情况下，反应产物，即2-（对羟基-苯基乙酰基）氨基-3-苄基-5-（对羟基苯基）吡嗪，是实际的发光体，无论它是以Ca 2+触发的发光蛋白类型的发光还是以“荧光素-荧光素酶”类型的发光发生。证据表明，在某些腔肠动物中，例如，这两种类型是同样重要的，而在其他（海肾和Leioptilus）的“荧光素酶”型占主导地位的钙-可降解的光蛋白类型，最后，只有光蛋白类型的功能，在无囊水母，水母。在研究的所有情况下，发光反应之前的发光体的结构似乎基本上与未反应的水母发光蛋白的发色团的结构相同。在不发光物种的提取物中不存在发光反应的产物。然而，与发光腔肠动物非常相似的产物也出现在其他门的代表中，包括头足类软体动物，例如，“萤火虫乌贼”Watasenia，可能还有各种栉水母。
Analysis of substances involved in light-emitting reactions among bioluminescent coelenterates has revealed a pronounced uniformity in the structural features of initial reactants, i.e., "luciferins" and photo-protein chromophores, as well as the light-emitter product. This product is structurally identical among the different classes of coelenterates: Hydrozoa (the jellyfish, Aequorea), Anthozoa (the sea cactus, Cavernularia; sea pansy, Renilla; and sea pen, Leioptilus), and very likely also the Scyphozoa (the jellyfish, Pelagia). In each of these instances the reaction product, namely, 2-(p-hydroxy-pnenylacetyl)amino-3-benzyl-5-(p-hydroxyphenyl) pyrazine, is the actual light-emitter, whether it occurs in a Ca2+-triggered photoprotein type of luminescence, or in a "luciferin-luciferase" type. The evidence indicates that in certain coelenterates, e.g., Cavernularia, these two types are equally significant, whereas in others (Renilla and Leioptilus) the "luciferin-luciferase" type predominates over the Ca-triggerable photoprotein type, and finally that only the photoprotein type functions in the luciferaseless jellyfish, Aequorea. In all instances investigated, the structure of the light-emitter prior to the luminescence reaction appears to be essentially the same as that of the chromophore of unreacted aequorin. The product of the luminescence reaction is absent in extracts of non luminous species. However, a product very similar to that of luminescent coelenterates occurs also in representatives of other phyla, including the cephalopod molluscs, e.g., the "firefly squid" Watasenia and probably various ctenophores as well.