Reusing Treated Wastewater: Consideration of the Safety Aspects Associated with Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Reusing Treated Wastewater: Consideration of the Safety Aspects Associated with Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes
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DOI：
10.3390/w10030244
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Manaia, Celia M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hong, Pei-Ying;Julian, Timothy R.;Manaia, Celia M.
随着越来越多的国家有意或事实上进行水的再利用，迫切需要更全面地评估由此产生的环境和公共卫生问题。虽然抗药性细菌（ARB）和抗生素抗性基因（ARG）作为新兴污染物越来越受到关注，但现有的水再利用法规和指南并没有充分解决这些问题。这份展望文件旨在确定需要解决的各种挑战，以确定有意义和现实的目标类型和水回用抗生素耐药性基准水平。首先，需要标准化和商定的方法来确定和量化ARB和ARG。其次，即使有方法学，确定哪些ARB和ARG监测与疾病负担的发生最相关仍然是未知的。第三，迫切需要一个专门用于评估再利用过程中与ARB和ARG相关的风险的框架。第四，与保护饮用水源类似，需要制定战略，防止通过废水处理和再利用传播ARB和ARG，以确保设置适当的障碍。最后，目前的废水处理技术可以从修改或改造中受益，以更有效地去除ARB和ARG，同时也为水和资源回收生产高质量的产品。这份观点文件强调了在评估水回用的总体安全方面以及实现这一目标的方式时，需要考虑ARB和ARG。
As more countries engage in water reuse, either intended or de facto, there is an urgent need to more comprehensively evaluate resulting environmental and public health concerns. While antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are increasingly coming under the spotlight, as emerging contaminants, existing water reuse regulations and guidelines do not adequately address these concerns. This perspectives paper seeks to frame the various challenges that need to be resolved to identify meaningful and realistic target types and levels of antibiotic resistance benchmarks for water reuse. First, there is the need for standardized and agreed-upon methodologies to identify and quantify ARB and ARGs. Second, even if methodologies are available, identifying which ARB and ARGs to monitor that would best relate to the occurrence of disease burden remains unknown. Third, a framework tailored to assessing the risks associated with ARB and ARGs during reuse is urgently needed. Fourth, similar to protecting drinking water sources, strategies to prevent dissemination of ARB and ARGs via wastewater treatment and reuse are required to ensure that appropriate barriers are emplaced. Finally, current wastewater treatment technologies could benefit from modification or retrofit to more effectively remove ARB and ARGs while also producing a high quality product for water and resource recovery. This perspectives paper highlights the need to consider ARB and ARGs when evaluating the overall safety aspects of water reuse and ways by which this may be accomplished.