Key Properties of Expert Movement Systems in Sport
Key Properties of Expert Movement Systems in Sport
复制标题
运动专家运动系统的关键特性
作者：
L. Seifert;C. Button;K. Davids
本文根据表演者与环境的关系，确定了体育专业知识的关键属性。从生态动力学的角度来看，传统的专家表演方法的弱点是分别关注表演者和环境。专家运动系统的关键特性包括“多重和亚稳定性”、“适应性变异性”、“冗余性”、“简并性”和“对可负担性的协调”。对这些专家系统特性的实证研究表明，技能的获得并不是从陈述性和程序性知识的内部表示中产生的，也不是通过模仿专家行为来线性地减少初学者和假定的专家模型之间被感知到的“鸿沟”。相反，专家的表现与个人行为对动态变化的、相互作用的限制的持续共同适应相对应，这些限制是个人感知和遇到的。适应性运动变异性的功能作用对于许多不同运动(涉及个人和团队；球类运动和户外活动；陆地和水上环境)中的专家表现至关重要。这些关键特性表明，在运动表现中，尽管发展中的运动员需要掌握基本的动作模式，但并不存在所有学习者都应该追求的理想动作模式，因为相对独特的功能性动作解决方案是从关键限制因素的相互作用中产生的。
This paper identifies key properties of expertise in sport predicated on the performer-environment relationship. Weaknesses of traditional approaches to expert performance, which uniquely focus on the performer and the environment separately, are highlighted by an ecological dynamics perspective. Key properties of expert movement systems include ‘multi- and meta-stability’, ‘adaptive variability’, ‘redundancy’, ‘degeneracy’ and the ‘attunement to affordances’. Empirical research on these expert system properties indicates that skill acquisition does not emerge from the internal representation of declarative and procedural knowledge, or the imitation of expert behaviours to linearly reduce a perceived ‘gap’ separating movements of beginners and a putative expert model. Rather, expert performance corresponds with the ongoing co-adaptation of an individual’s behaviours to dynamically changing, interacting constraints, individually perceived and encountered. The functional role of adaptive movement variability is essential to expert performance in many different sports (involving individuals and teams; ball games and outdoor activities; land and aquatic environments). These key properties signify that, in sport performance, although basic movement patterns need to be acquired by developing athletes, there exists no ideal movement template towards which all learners should aspire, since relatively unique functional movement solutions emerge from the interaction of key constraints.
DOI：
10.1167/1.3.184
发表时间：
2003-04
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
影响因子：
--
作者：
B. Fajen;W. H. Warren
通讯作者：
B. Fajen;W. H. Warren
人类多肢协调的对称性破坏动力学。
DOI：
10.1037//0096-1523.18.3.645
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kelso,JA;Jeka,JJ
通讯作者：
Jeka,JJ
行为吸引子与学习的演化：非平衡相变。
DOI：
10.1037//0096-1523.18.2.403
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
影响因子：
--
作者：
Zanone,PG;Kelso,JA
通讯作者：
Kelso,JA