The ATP-dependent Restriction Endonucleases
The ATP-dependent Restriction Endonucleases
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ATP依赖性限制性内切酶
DOI：
10.1101/087969155.14.85
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发表时间：
1982
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Bickle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Bickle
大约30年前，Luria和Human（1952年）首次描述了细菌中的限制性和修饰现象，用于T-even噬菌体，Bertani和Weigle（1953年）用于λ和λ。反T偶极的系统（Revel和Luria在1970年进行了研究）被证明是这些偶极所独有的，这里不再讨论。Bertani和Weigle注意到的效果要普遍得多，可以用许多不同的噬菌体和宿主来证明。观察结果是，当对密切相关的细菌菌株进行测试时，噬菌体原液可以具有不同的平板接种效率。然而，如果在最初生长不良的菌株上制备噬菌体原液，则该原液现在将在该菌株上有效生长。这种获得性能力表现出拉马克特征，因为它是病毒对宿主的适应性反应，当病毒通过其他宿主传代时就会丧失。大约10年后，Arber小组发表了一系列论文中的第一篇，为这种效应提供了分子解释（Arber and Dussoix 1962; Dussoix and Arber 1962）。生理学和遗传学实验表明，限制和修饰作用于感染噬菌体的DNA。限制是由于核酸酶的作用，它识别进入的DNA中的特定序列，而修饰是由于另一种酶的作用，早期怀疑是DNA甲基化酶（Arber 1965），它以这种方式修饰这些相同的特定序列。
The phenomenon of restriction and modification in bacteria was first described close to 30 years ago by Luria and Human (1952) for T-even bacteriophages and by Bertani and Weigle (1953) for phages P2 and λ. The system active against T-even phages (reviewed by Revel and Luria 1970) turned out to be unique to these phages and will not be discussed here. The effect noted by Bertani and Weigle is far more general and can be demonstrated with many different bacteriophages and hosts. The observation was that a phage stock could have different plating efficiencies when tested on closely related bacterial strains. If, however, a stock of phage was prepared on a strain that initially had grown it poorly, that stock would now grow efficiently on that strain. This acquired ability showed Lamarckian characteristics, since it was an adaptive response of the virus to the host and was lost when the virus was passaged through other hosts. Some 10 years later, the first of a series of papers from Arber’s group appeared that provided a molecular explanation for this effect (Arber and Dussoix 1962; Dussoix and Arber 1962). Physiological and genetic experiments showed that restriction and modification operated on the DNA of the infecting phage. Restriction was due to the action of a nuclease that recognized specific sequences in the incoming DNA, and modification was due to the action of another enzyme, early suspected to be a DNA methylase (Arber 1965), that modified these same specific sequences in such a way...