Depression and distortion in the attribution of causality.
Depression and distortion in the attribution of causality.
复制标题
因果关系归因中的抑郁和扭曲。
DOI：
10.1037//0021-843x.87.1.32
复制
发表时间：
1978
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Ross Rizley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ross Rizley
最近的两种抑郁症模型认为，情绪障碍是由致抑郁认知的运作造成的。塞利格曼（1975）的习得性无助模型假设，抑郁个体认为行为和随后发生的事件是因果无关的，而贝克（1967）的认知图式方法则表明，抑郁个体可能会高估评估性消极事件的因果责任，而不会高估评估性积极事件的因果责任。进行了两项研究，每项研究使用40名在贝克抑郁量表中得分在12分以上（抑郁）或7分以下（非抑郁）的大学生。实验1检验了在非个人猜数任务中成功或失败的因果归因，结果表明，抑郁的学生认为内部因果因素（努力和能力）是失败的重要决定因素，而不是成功的重要决定因素。实验2检验了人际影响情况下的因果归因。相对于非抑郁的学生，抑郁的学生自我归因更多的人际影响和因果关系对另一个人的积极和消极的行为改变的评价。两项研究的结果被解释为与Seligman的理论不一致，部分支持Beck的理论。（41 ref）（PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA，版权所有）
Two recent models of depression argue that disturbances of affect result from the operation of depressogenic cognition. ME Seligman's (1975) learned helplessness model postulates that the depressed individual views actions and consequent events to be causally unrelated, whereas AT Beck's (1967) cognitive schema approach suggests that the depressed individual may overestimate causal responsibility for evaluatively negative, but not for evaluatively positive, events. Two studies were conducted, each using 40 college students scoring above 12 (depressed) or below 7 (non-depressed) on the Beck Depression Inventory. Exp I examined causal ascription for success or failure on an impersonal number-guessing task, and results suggest that depressed Ss rated internal causal factors (effort and ability) to be more important determinants of failure but less important determinants of success than did nondepressed Ss. Exp II examined the attribution of causality in an interpersonal influence situation. Relative to nondepressed Ss, depressed Ss self-attributed more interpersonal influence and causality for both evaluatively positive and negative behavior changes in another person. Results of the 2 studies are interpreted as inconsistent with Seligman's theory and partially supportive of Beck's theory.(41 ref)(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)