Zinc: health effects and research priorities for the 1990s.
Zinc: health effects and research priorities for the 1990s.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.941025
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发表时间：
1994-06
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Fraker PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Walsh CT;Sandstead HH;Prasad AS;Newberne PM;Fraker PJ
这篇综述批判性地总结了锌状态对健康影响的文献，从缺锌症状到过量暴露。锌的摄入量的研究进行了审查的最佳需求量作为一个功能的年龄和性别。目前的知识锌的生物化学性质是至关重要的，这种金属在生物系统中的重要作用进行了总结。饮食和生理因素影响的生物利用度和锌的利用被认为是特别注意与铁和铜状态的相互作用。锌缺乏和毒性的影响方面进行了审查特定的器官，免疫和生殖功能，遗传毒性和致癌性。最后，关键的问题是确定需要研究的地方，如锌的环境分布改变对人类健康的风险，锌在人体内的状态评估，锌的状态与其他必需金属对免疫功能，生殖，神经功能和心血管系统的影响，和机制研究，以进一步阐明锌在分子水平上的生物学效应。
This review critically summarizes the literature on the spectrum of health effects of zinc status, ranging from symptoms of zinc deficiency to excess exposure. Studies on zinc intake are reviewed in relation to optimum requirements as a function of age and sex. Current knowledge on the biochemical properties of zinc which are critical to the essential role of this metal in biological systems is summarized. Dietary and physiological factors influencing the bioavailability and utilization of zinc are considered with special attention to interactions with iron and copper status. The effects of zinc deficiency and toxicity are reviewed with respect to specific organs, immunological and reproductive function, and genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Finally, key questions are identified where research is needed, such as the risks to human health of altered environmental distribution of zinc, assessment of zinc status in humans, effects of zinc status in relation to other essential metals on immune function, reproduction, neurological function, and the cardiovascular system, and mechanistic studies to further elucidate the biological effects of zinc at the molecular level.