D term and the structure of pointlike and composed spin-0 particles
D term and the structure of pointlike and composed spin-0 particles
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D项与点状和组合自旋0粒子的结构
DOI：
10.1103/physrevd.96.114013
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
P. Schweitzer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Hudson;P. Schweitzer
本文研究了自旋为0的粒子的能量动量张量的形状因子以及与之相关的未知粒子性质D项，共分三部分。
第一部分探讨了自由、弱和强相互作用的理论来研究EMT的形状因素，并得出以下结论。(i)自由克莱因-戈登理论预测D项D =-1。(ii)即使是无限小的相互作用也会极大地影响D。(iii)在强相互作用理论中，人们可以遇到大的负D，尽管存在显著的例外，包括手征对称性破缺的戈德斯通玻色子。(iv)与通常的看法相反，人们不能任意地将“全导数”加到EMT上。相反，EMT必须以明确的方式定义。
第二部分涉及EMT形状因子在3D密度方面的解释，结果如下。(i)3D密度形式主义是内部一致的。(ii)这种描述受到相对论修正的影响，相对论修正在包括核子和原子核在内的唯象相关情况下是可以接受的。(iii)当自旋为0的玻色子不是点状的，而是“抽象地给出了某种内部结构”时，自由场结果D=-1仍然存在。"
第三部分探讨了这样的“给予扩展结构”是否可以动态地实现的问题，并有以下见解。(i)我们构建了一个一致的微观理论，在一定的参数限制，扩展和点状解决方案之间的插值。(ii)该理论是精确可解的，这在3+1维中是罕见的，它允许Q球型的非拓扑孤子，并且具有高斯场振幅。(iii)这个理论的相互作用属于一类对数势，在文献中讨论过，尽管在不同的背景下，包括超越标准模型现象学，宇宙学和希格斯物理学。
This work deals with form factors of the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) of spin-0 particles and the unknown particle property D-term related to the EMT, and is divided into three parts.
The first part explores free, weakly and strongly interacting theories to study EMT form factors with the following findings. (i) The free Klein-Gordon theory predicts for the D-term D = -1. (ii) Even infinitesimally small interactions can drastically impact D. (iii) In strongly interacting theories one can encounter large negative D though notable exceptions exist, which includes Goldstone bosons of chiral symmetry breaking. (iv) Contrary to common belief one cannot arbitrarily add "total derivatives" to the EMT. Rather the EMT must be defined in an unambiguous way.
The second part deals with the interpretation of EMT form factors in terms of 3D-densities with following results. (i) The 3D-density formalism is internally consistent. (ii) The description is subject to relativistic corrections which are acceptably small in phenomenologically relevant situations including nucleon and nuclei. (iii) The free field result D=-1 persists when a spin-0 boson is not point-like but "heuristically given some internal structure."
The third part investigates the question, whether such "giving of an extended structure" can be implemented dynamically, and has the following insights. (i) We construct a consistent microscopic theory which, in a certain parametric limit, interpolates between extended and point-like solutions. (ii) This theory is exactly solvable which is rare in 3+1 dimensions, admits non-topological solitons of Q-ball-type, and has a Gaussian field amplitude. (iii) The interaction of this theory belongs to a class of logarithmic potentials which were discussed in literature, albeit in different contexts including beyond standard model phenomenology, cosmology, and Higgs physics.