The role of honey bees Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in pollination of apple.
The role of honey bees Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in pollination of apple.
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DOI：
10.3923/pjbs.2004.359.362
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Khan, M. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Khan, M. R.;Khan, M. R.
五个苹果品种（Kala Kulloo，Starkrimson，Golden Delicious，Queeta Amri和Kashmir Amri）在开花期进行了蜜蜂浓度试验。大多数苹果品种需要与另一个兼容的品种异花授粉。蜜蜂的觅食活动在苹果果实生产中的作用显著增强。主要商品品种在授粉后，果实品质（果实大小和种子数）也表现出上级优势。近缘授粉品种间的优势较小。蜜蜂更喜欢在行上上下而不是在行之间工作。新红星和卡拉库鲁的产量（140-170 kg）显著高于笼养新红星和卡拉库鲁（35-42 kg）。觅食的蜜蜂和熊蜂优先访问具有大量开放雄花的伞形花序。个体蜜蜂将觅食限制在有限的区域内。授粉品种与主要经济古树间作只能最大限度地提高坐果率。由于花期越冬延迟，大多数自然传粉者未被发现。只有蜜蜂被证明是大多数苹果品种的实用授粉者。
Five apple cultivars (Kala Kulloo, Starkrimson, Golden Delicious, Queeta Amri and Kashmir Amri) were tested against the concentration of honey bees at their blooming stage. Most of the apple cultivars required cross-pollination with another compatible cultivar. The role of foraging activities of honey bees in apple fruit production was significantly enhanced. The fruit quality (fruit size and seed number) were also found superior when the main commercial cultivars were benefited with pollinizers. Closely related pollinizer cultivars were less benefited from each other. The honey bees prefer to work up and down rows rather than across rows. There was a significantly high yield (140-170 kg) in uncaged Starkrimson and Kala Kulloo compared with caged Starkrimson and Kala Kulloo (35-42 kg). The foraging honey bees and bumble bees preferentially visit umbels that bear large number of open male phase flower. Individual bees restrict their foraging to limited areas. The interplanted pollinizer cultivars with main commercial old trees can only maximize the fruit setting. Majority of natural pollinators were not found due to the delayed winter during the blooming period. Only the honey bees were proved to be the practical pollinators for majority of the apple cultivars.