Alcohol-impaired driving enforcement priorities and strategies in a nationwide sample of U.S. law enforcement agencies.
Alcohol-impaired driving enforcement priorities and strategies in a nationwide sample of U.S. law enforcement agencies.
复制标题
美国执法机构全国样本中酒后驾驶执法重点和策略。
DOI：
10.1080/15389588.2022.2150049
复制
发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Nelson,TobenF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scholz,Natalie;Lenk,KathleenM;Erickson,DarinJ;Toomey,TraciL;Jones-Webb,Rhonda;Nelson,TobenF
过量饮酒导致一系列公共卫生问题以及社会和财政负担。酒后驾车造成的交通事故是酒精对整体健康造成影响的主要原因。各种法律和执法战略旨在防止酒后驾驶。执法机构优先执行酒精受损驾驶法律的程度有助于减少酒精受损驾驶。在美国的执法机构中，我们研究了酒精受损驾驶执法的优先顺序，以及它如何与使用特定的执法策略，以及机构和社区的特点。MethodsWe进行了一项调查，全国样本的1，024美国警察和治安机构在2019年。我们评估了酒精受损驾驶执法的优先顺序，使用特定的执法策略（饱和巡逻，清醒检查站，开放式集装箱执法，培训现场人员识别驾驶障碍），以及机构和司法管辖区的特点。我们评估了执法的优先级（高与低）是如何与使用特定的策略，机构和司法管辖区的特点，使用回归模型，占机构嵌套states.ResultsA大多数机构（68%）把高度优先酒精受损驾驶执法。几乎所有的机构（93%）报告执行至少一个酒精受损的驾驶执法策略，最常用的策略是饱和巡逻。优先考虑酒精受损驾驶执法的机构更有可能使用清醒检查站和饱和巡逻，执行开放式集装箱法，并培训现场官员识别驾驶障碍（p < 0.05）。他们也更有可能有一个主要分配给酒精执法人员，有一个酒精司，并服务于司法管辖区，有较少的黑人居民（p < 0.05）。ConclusionsMany law enforcement agencies use strategies to address alcoholic-impaired driving，however，some strategies are underutilized and a opportunity exists for agencies to incorporate additional strategies to help prevent alcoholic-impaired driving.将酒精受损驾驶执法作为优先事项的机构更有可能采取相关的执法策略。鼓励警察和治安机构优先考虑酒精受损的驾驶执法可能是预防酒精相关危害的有效方法。
ObjectiveExcessive alcohol consumption leads to a range of public health problems and social and financial burdens. Traffic crashes resulting from alcohol-involved driving are a major contributor to the overall health consequences of alcohol. Various laws and enforcement strategies aim to prevent alcohol-involved driving. The extent to which law enforcement agencies prioritize enforcement of alcohol-impaired driving laws can help to reduce alcohol-impaired driving. Among law enforcement agencies in the US, we examined prioritization of alcohol-impaired driving enforcement and how it is associated with use of specific enforcement strategies, as well as agency and community characteristics.MethodsWe conducted a survey of a national sample of 1,024 US police and sheriff agencies in 2019. We assessed prioritization of alcohol-impaired driving enforcement, use of specific enforcement strategies (saturation patrols, sobriety checkpoints, open container law enforcement, training field officers to identify driving impairment), and agency and jurisdiction characteristics. We assessed how priority of enforcement (high vs. low) was associated with use of specific strategies, and agency and jurisdiction characteristics using regression models that accounted for agencies nesting within states.ResultsA majority of agencies (68%) placed a high priority on alcohol-impaired driving enforcement. Almost all agencies (93%) reported performing at least one alcohol-impaired driving enforcement strategy and the most common strategy used was saturation patrols. Agencies that prioritized alcohol-impaired driving enforcement were more likely to use sobriety checkpoints and saturation patrols, conduct enforcement of open container laws and train field officers in identifying driving impairment (p < 0.05). They were also more likely to have an officer assigned primarily to alcohol enforcement, have an alcohol division, and serve jurisdictions that had fewer Black residents (p < 0.05).ConclusionsMany law enforcement agencies utilize strategies to address alcohol-impaired driving, however, some strategies are underutilized and an opportunity exists for agencies to incorporate additional strategies to help prevent alcohol-impaired driving. Agencies that made alcohol-impaired driving enforcement a priority were more likely to conduct related enforcement strategies. Encouraging police and sheriff agencies to prioritize alcohol-impaired driving enforcement may be an effective approach for preventing alcohol-related harms.