NRLMSIS 2.0: A Whole-Atmosphere Empirical Model of Temperature and Neutral Species Densities
NRLMSIS 2.0: A Whole-Atmosphere Empirical Model of Temperature and Neutral Species Densities
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DOI：
10.1029/2020ea001321
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发表时间：
2021-03-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Yuan, T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Emmert, J. T.;Drob, D. P.;Yuan, T.
NRLMSIS*2.0是一个经验性大气模型，从地面延伸到外逸层，通过参数解析公式描述了温度、八种物质密度和质量密度的平均观测行为。该模型的输入参数包括位置、一年中的日期、一天中的时间、太阳活动和地磁活动。NRLMSIS 2.0是对先前版本NRLMSISE - 00的一次重大的重新制定升级。该模型现在通过一个有效质量剖面将热层物质密度与整个气柱耦合起来，这个剖面使每种物质从大约70千米高度以下的完全混合区域过渡到大约200千米以上的扩散分离区域。其他变化包括将原子氧延伸到50千米以及使用重力位高度作为内部垂直坐标。我们吸收了大量新的中低层大气温度、氧和氢的数据，以及从卫星轨道得出的全球平均热层质量密度数据，并且我们用这些数据的独立样本对模型进行了验证。在中层及以下，剩余偏差和标准偏差比NRLMSISE - 00低得多。新模型在对流层上层温度较高，在平流层和中层温度较低。在热层中，NRLMSIS 2.0中的N₂和O密度较低；除此之外，NRLMSISE - 00的热层大部分得以保留。热层规范的未来进展可能需要新的原位质谱仪测量、100到200千米之间物质密度测量的新技术，以及热层温度和成分数据集之间系统偏差的调和，包括由长期变化引起的偏差。
NRLMSIS* 2.0 is an empirical atmospheric model that extends from the ground to the exobase and describes the average observed behavior of temperature, eight species densities, and mass density via a parametric analytic formulation. The model inputs are location, day of year, time of day, solar activity, and geomagnetic activity. NRLMSIS 2.0 is a major, reformulated upgrade of the previous version, NRLMSISE-00. The model now couples thermospheric species densities to the entire column, via an effective mass profile that transitions each species from the fully mixed region below similar to 70 km altitude to the diffusively separated region above similar to 200 km. Other changes include the extension of atomic oxygen down to 50 km and the use of geopotential height as the internal vertical coordinate. We assimilated extensive new lower and middle atmosphere temperature, O, and H data, along with global average thermospheric mass density derived from satellite orbits, and we validated the model against independent samples of these data. In the mesosphere and below, residual biases and standard deviations are considerably lower than NRLMSISE-00. The new model is warmer in the upper troposphere and cooler in the stratosphere and mesosphere. In the thermosphere, N-2 and O densities arc lower in NRLMSIS 2.0; otherwise, the NRLMSISE-00 thermosphere is largely retained. Future advances in thermospheric specification will likely require new in situ mass spectrometer measurements, new techniques for species density measurement between 100 and 200 km, and the reconciliation of systematic biases among thermospheric temperature and composition data sets, including biases attributable to long-term changes.