Primary anthropogenic aerosol emission trends for China, 1990-2005
Primary anthropogenic aerosol emission trends for China, 1990-2005
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-11-931-2011
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Streets, D. G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lei, Y.;Zhang, Q.;Streets, D. G.
利用基于技术的方法编制了1990-2005年中国人为一次气溶胶排放清单。考虑到工业部门内技术渗透的变化和更严格的排放标准推动的排放控制的改进，推导和实施了一种动态方法来估计年际排放因子。1990 - 2005年，随着PM排放控制措施的实施，中国不同工业部门PM2.5排放因子下降了7%-69%，TSP排放因子下降了18%-80%。因此，2005年PM2.5和TSP的排放量分别为11.0 Tg和29.7 Tg，低于不采取这些措施时的排放量。PM2.5、PM10和TSP的排放趋势相似，90年代前6年呈上升趋势，到2000年呈下降趋势，之后又呈上升趋势。TSP的峰值出现在1996年（35.5 Tg）， PM10和PM2.5的峰值分别出现在2005年（18.8 Tg）和12.7 Tg)。尽管各个行业的排放趋势不同，但水泥行业和住宅部门的生物燃料燃烧一直是PM2.5排放的最大来源，占研究期间排放量的53%-62%。非金属矿产品行业，包括水泥、石灰和砖行业，占全国TSP排放量的54%-63%。2000年以前，BC和OC的排放趋势不明显，但2000年以后的增加带来了2005年BC （1.51 Tg）和OC （3.19 Tg）排放的峰值。虽然在原生气溶胶的估计方面有了很大的改进，但仍然存在很大的不确定性。基于当地测试的更准确和详细的活动信息和排放系数对于进一步改进排放估算至关重要，特别是对于砖和焦炭工业，以及住宅部门的燃煤炉和生物燃料使用。
An inventory of anthropogenic primary aerosol emissions in China was developed for 1990-2005 using a technology-based approach. Taking into account changes in the technology penetration within industry sectors and improvements in emission controls driven by stricter emission standards, a dynamic methodology was derived and implemented to estimate inter-annual emission factors. Emission factors of PM2.5 decreased by 7%-69% from 1990 to 2005 in different industry sectors of China, and emission factors of TSP decreased by 18%-80% as well, with the measures of controlling PM emissions implemented. As a result, emissions of PM2.5 and TSP in 2005 were 11.0 Tg and 29.7 Tg, respectively, less than what they would have been without the adoption of these measures. Emissions of PM2.5, PM10 and TSP presented similar trends: they increased in the first six years of 1990s and decreased until 2000, then increased again in the following years. Emissions of TSP peaked (35.5 Tg) in 1996, while the peak of PM10 (18.8 Tg) and PM2.5 (12.7 Tg) emissions occurred in 2005. Although various emission trends were identified across sectors, the cement industry and biofuel combustion in the residential sector were consistently the largest sources of PM2.5 emissions, accounting for 53%-62% of emissions over the study period. The non-metallic mineral product industry, including the cement, lime and brick industries, accounted for 54%-63% of national TSP emissions. There were no significant trends of BC and OC emissions until 2000, but the increase after 2000 brought the peaks of BC (1.51 Tg) and OC (3.19 Tg) emissions in 2005. Although significant improvements in the estimation of primary aerosols are presented here, there still exist large uncertainties. More accurate and detailed activity information and emission factors based on local tests are essential to further improve emission estimates, this especially being so for the brick and coke industries, as well as for coal-burning stoves and biofuel usage in the residential sector.