Area-based conservation planning in Japan: The importance of OECMs in the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework
Area-based conservation planning in Japan: The importance of OECMs in the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework
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日本的区域保护规划：OECM 在 2020 年后全球生物多样性框架中的重要性
DOI：
10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01783
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Buntarou Kusumoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Takayuki Shiono;Y. Kubota;Buntarou Kusumoto
为了通过保护区（PA）网络重新构建国家级区域保护行动的不完善审查过程，我们首先创建了新的基础设施，以可视化日本国家级生物多样性信息。然后，我们评估了现有PA网络相对于土地开发压力的表现，并评估了PA扩展对2020年后全球生物多样性框架的保护效果。分区软件被用来在空间上优先考虑保护区，以尽量减少生物多样性的损失和灭绝的风险，为8077日本维管植物和脊椎动物物种的限制下，现有的PA网络和土地利用。确定的优先领域，这被认为是候选地区的扩大目前的PA网络的空间格局，土地利用类型的影响，根据非PA的掩模层，低，中，高排名的PA。目前的保护区网络将多个物种的总灭绝风险降低了36.6%。事实上，现有保护区内的已建设区所占的比例，一般较保护区周边地区为少。值得注意的是，高排名的保护区有效地限制了压力的积累（每10年0.04%），而在国家公园和野生动物保护区的低排名的保护区没有（每10年1.8%）。预计保护效果将大大改善的扩展高排名（法律严格）PA到偏远的非PA没有人口/社会经济活动，或扩展中等排名的PA到里山传统上被用于农业和林业，城市地区。当PA扩展到偏远地区、里山和城市地区时，预计30%的土地保护目标将使灭绝风险降低74.1%;此外，PA连接性与现有PA网络相比几乎翻了一番。相比之下，一个传统的方案表明，将国家公园放在国有和非人口稠密的地区只能将灭绝风险降低4.0%。保护优先级分析表明，使用一个全面的保护方法，调和土地节约保护和土地共享保护在其他有效的区域为基础的保护措施（OECMs）在里山和城市绿色空间的有效性。我们的研究结果表明，各种PA干预措施的补充纳入其治理和土地利用规划在有效防止生物多样性丧失方面发挥了关键作用，并使其更可行，以实现雄心勃勃的保护目标。
To reframe the imperfect review processes of nation-scale actions on area-based conservation through protected area (PA) networks, we first created novel infrastructure to visualize nation-level biodiversity information in Japan. We then assessed the performance of the existing PA network relative to land exploitation pressure and evaluated conservation effectiveness of PA expansion for the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. The Zonation software was used to spatially prioritize conservation areas to minimize biodiversity loss and the extinction risk for 8077 Japanese vascular plant and vertebrate species under constraints of the existing PA network and land use. The spatial pattern of the identified priority areas, which were considered candidate areas for expansion of the current PA network, was influenced by land-use types according to the mask layers of non-PAs, and low-, middle-, and high-ranked PAs. The current PA network reduced the aggregate extinction risk of multiple species by 36.6%. Indeed, the proportion of built-up areas in the existing PAs was generally smaller than that in the areas surrounding PAs. Notably, high-ranked PAs effectively restricted the built-up pressure (0.04% every 10 years), whereas low-ranked PAs in national park and wild-life protection areas did not (1.8% every 10 years). Conservation effects were predicted to substantially improve by expansion of high-ranked (legally strict) PAs into remote non-PAs without population/socioeconomic activities, or expansion of medium-ranked PAs into satoyama which have traditionally been used for agriculture and forestry, and urban areas. A 30% land conservation target was predicted to decrease extinction risk by 74.1% when PA expansion was implemented across remote areas, satoyama, and urban areas; moreover, PA connectivity almost doubled compared with the existing PA network. In contrast, a conventional scenario showed that placing national parks in state-owned and non-populated areas would reduce extinction risk by only 4.0%. Conservation prioritization analyses demonstrated the effectiveness of using a comprehensive conservation approach that reconciles land-sparing protection and land-sharing conservation in other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) in satoyama and urban green spaces. Our results revealed that complementary inclusion of various PA interventions related to their governance and land-use planning plays a critical role in effectively preventing biodiversity loss and makes it more feasible to achieve ambitious conservation targets.
设计保护区网络，将国际保护承诺转化为国家行动
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Bicknell J
通讯作者：
Bicknell J