Regulatory elements of the floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS identified by phylogenetic footprinting and shadowing
Regulatory elements of the floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS identified by phylogenetic footprinting and shadowing
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DOI：
10.1105/tpc.009548
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发表时间：
2003-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Weigel, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hong, RL;Hamaguchi, L;Weigel, D
在拟南芥中，花同源异型基因AGAMOUS（AG）的顺式调控序列位于第二内含子。该3-kb内含子含有AG的两个直接激活子LEAFY（LFY）和WUSCHEL（WUS）的结合位点，以及沿着其它假定的调节元件。我们已经使用系统发育足迹和相关技术的系统发育阴影，以确定推定的顺式调控元件在这个内含子。在29个菊科物种中，其他几个图案，但不是LFY和WUS结合位点，以前确定的，在很大程度上是不变的。利用报告基因分析，我们测试了这些基序中的六个，发现它们对A. thaliana.虽然在拟南芥科以外的植物中没有明显的序列相似性，但黄瓜AG的内含子在拟南芥中至少具有部分活性。thaliana.我们的研究强调了比较方法作为一种补充基因启动子解剖的工具的价值，但也证明了仅基于序列的研究不足以完全识别顺式调控位点。
In Arabidopsis thaliana, cis-regulatory sequences of the floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS (AG) are located in the second intron. This 3-kb intron contains binding sites for two direct activators of AG, LEAFY (LFY) and WUSCHEL (WUS), along with other putative regulatory elements. We have used phylogenetic footprinting and the related technique of phylogenetic shadowing to identify putative cis-regulatory elements in this intron. Among 29 Brassicaceae species, several other motifs, but not the LFY and WUS binding sites identified previously, are largely invariant. Using reporter gene analyses, we tested six of these motifs and found that they are all functionally important for the activity of AG regulatory sequences in A. thaliana. Although there is little obvious sequence similarity outside the Brassicaceae, the intron from cucumber AG has at least partial activity in A. thaliana. Our studies underscore the value of the comparative approach as a tool that complements gene-by-gene promoter dissection but also demonstrate that sequence-based studies alone are insufficient for a complete identification of cis-regulatory sites.